The Ghanian government will spend $10 billion to realize its potential as a major ICT hub in West Africa.

Last week, Ghana said it “initiated the establishment of an innovation center that will promote export-oriented ICT products and services and generate employment opportunities.” The center will form part of an ICT Park to be built in Tema.

The West African nation notes that these plans are part of its drive to build a knowledge-based economy. The “Communications Minister, Mr Haruna Idrissu, said ICT parks worldwide played a critical role as intermediaries that supported knowledge-based economies.” The minister cited the Smart Village in Egypt, Innovation hub in South Africa, Software Technology in India and Technology Park in Malaysia as models for Ghana.

The establishment of ICT Parks may also strengthen the link between Ghanian research institutions and industry. This may engender a culture of commercial research funding, instead of the state-based framework currently used.

Mr. Idrissu says the project is a collaboration between Ghanian businesses, and the Ministries of Trade and Industry and Communication, which will stimulate private sector-led investment in ICT infrastructure. The proposed park is expected to promote technology development and diffusion, and stimulate the formation of new technology-based firms, which will boost wealth creation and provide jobs.

He says efforts are underway to build consensus for the project. Stakeholders were invited to a meeting to view the proposed design of the ICT Park. Ghana has instituted a range of measures to boost its position as a leading player in Africa’s emerging technology sector. Its eGhana project is slated to create over 7, 000 high-end jobs.

 

 

boy with binoculars and man with mac computer in afghanistan

Photo Credit: NYTimes

The State Department is financing the creation of external wireless networks that would enable dissidents to undermine repressive authoritarian governments trying to censor or disable telecommunication networks, according to a New York Times report.

According to the Times story released on Sunday, Internet and mobile phone networks are being created so they can be deployed in an area independent of government control.

The State Department-led project involves the building of a $2-million prototype “Internet in a suitcase”, and independent “shadow” phone networks by a group operating out of a building on L Street in Washington, D.C.

This comes to light after the U.N. and the U.S. proclaimed Internet access and Internet freedoms as central to free speech and human rights.

“We see more and more people around the globe using the Internet, mobile phones and other technologies to make their voices heard as they protest against injustice and seek to realize their aspirations,” Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wrote to the Times.

The new technologies made to circumvent oppressive regimes are currently in development by the New America Foundation under their nonpartisan think tank, Open Technology Initiative (OTI). The D.C. entrepreneurial engineers are cultivating both new technologies, and finding ways to utilize the tools from the previous uprisings.

The State Department, for example, is financing projects to create stealth wireless networks, including a $2 million grant to develop the “Internet in a suitcase.” The networking access points are designed to look like regular suitcases that communicate with each other to create mesh networks connected to the global Internet.

Diagram of a stealth network and wireless mesh network

Photo Credit: NYTimes

These suitcases, which contain all the necessary hardware, could be smuggled into a country and deployed over an area to create a service independent of government control in countries like Iran, Syria and Libya, according to participants in the projects.

The other project is even more ambitious, the article states, where the State Department and Pentagon have spent $50 million to create an independent cellphone network in Afghanistan to offset the Taliban’s ability to shut down the official Afghan services.

This all comes after the “Arab Spring” uprisings over the past several months, which have drawn attention to network shutdowns and censorship conducted by regimes under threat like the Syrian and Egyptian governments. They attempt to stifle citizens’ ability to communicate with each other and to inform the outside world of what’s going on in the protest zones.

“The implication is that this disempowers central authorities from infringing on people’s fundamental human right to communicate,” recounted Sascha Meinrath, project director of the OTI, who is leading the “Internet in a suitcase” project.

However, Meinrath cautions that the cultivation of these independent networks also have can have a negative aspect:

Repressive governments could use surveillance to locate and arrest activists who use the technology, or persecute them for simply bringing hardware across the border.

Others believe that the risks are outweighed by the potential impact. “We’re going to build a separate infrastructure where the technology is nearly impossible to shut down, to control, to surveil,” says Meinrath.

The Times specifically discusses the foreign policy implications of these U.S. financed projects. After a decade long struggle in fostering media to evade hostile regimes like Voice of America, these ambitions are grandiose in scale.  Alternatively, the creation of these new tools could be the next step helping to empower civil society.

 

Poor access to farm extension services is still a major impediment to agricultural productivity and the improvement of rural livelihoods. But, increasingly, ICTs are playing a central role in enabling and facilitating the provision of demand-driven extension services. This marks a shift from highly inefficient public sector extension delivery models, under which farmers and rural communities had little/no opportunity to articulate their own needs.

Despite the ICT-enabled shift towards more democratic/pluralistic, demand driven and efficient extension services in some places, there is still a far way to go before game changing impacts are made.

A silver laptop with a blank screen and black buttons on bright green grass

CTA/ARDYIS Facebook Photo

Although the use of conventional technologies such as radio and television, and even new ICTs, is commendable, many “model projects” reach too few people and are unsustainable.

But the emergence of multiple players in the evolving extension services landscape—NGOs/CBOs, private sector actors, and farmers as extension service users and sharpers, among others—presents broad opportunities. The main opportunity I foresee is that of a firmer platform for articulating the need for better telecommunications policies, which will benefit extension services and the broader range of development objectives that hinge on access to ICTs.

Consequently, agricultural planners and policy-makers ought not to be particularly concerned with  specifically enabling the integration of ICTs into pro-poor extension service delivery. While that is a desirable objective, it ignores the broader picture—poverty reduction.

Strategic agricultural planning recognize that ICT-based solutions for agricultural problems are not all sector specific. In much the same way that the major agricultural challenges operate on a macro-level, by cutting-across sectors, the solutions must stem from holistic observations and responses.

Indeed, any ICT intervention that improves the livelihoods of the rural poor is likely to have positive (direct and indirect) impacts on agricultural value chain management—planning, productivity, and marketing. This is true to the extent that rural economies are largely agrarian. So, any challenge to improving the general livelihood of the rural poor will adversely affect agricultural productivity— be that challenge inadequate health services, poor resource management, natural disasters, anthropogenic shocks, minimal access to education, financial services and poor infrastructure, etc.

So, strengthening extension services will require tackling more systemic problems… seeing the forest and not just the trees.

 

 

”]make aid transparent banner- one cartoon with money the other two with nothing

Last week, Publish What you Fund launched their Make Aid Transparent campaign, which calls on aid donors to publish information on what they are doing with their development aid.

Over forty civil society groups from twenty countries around the world, pledge to call on governments and other aid donors to publish more information on how, when, where and why their budgets are being spent.

At the center of the campaign, whose members include Oxfam International, Transparency International, ONE, and eighteen groups from developing countries, is a petition aimed at donor governments to make their aid more transparent.

The message after signing the petition clearly illustrates their overall mission:

Your action will remind donors to keep their promises to make aid more transparent. And this in turn will help citizens around the world to benefit from better aid and hold their governments to account.

All of these organizations have been working to improve the transparency on how aid money is distributed and should be mindfully spent, as any scope for corruption and inefficiency should be diminished and eliminated.

One of the best ways to do this rarely costs a thing: transparency.

Last December, the State Department and USAID launched a Foreign Assistance Dashboard that helps U.S. citizens know more about how their taxes are being spent on foreign assistance. It provides a visual presentation of, and access to, key foreign assistance budget and appropriation of data for the Department of State and USAID.

The Make Aid Transparent campaign has a similar aim, but targets the spending of civil society groups to enhance transparency and accessibility for their donors.

Making the information available can also help citizens of developing countries know how much their governments are receiving and can push for it to be spent it in ways that really meet their needs.

The first petition handover is planned to present in Paris, at a meeting of Working Party on Aid Effectiveness (WP-EFF) in early July hosted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

The organization has other activities and actions that will take place through the year, with the campaign culminating at the High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan, Korea from November 29 – December 1.

Darrell Owen, speaking at the 2011 Aid & Development Forum

Photo Credit: Laurie Moy

GBi’s Senior ICT Advisor, Darrell Owen, spoke at the 2011 Aid and Development Forum yesterday, laying out USAID’s ICT4D strategy and how it supports the work of humanitarian and disaster relief workers.
The strategy, as Owen explained, is to address both the access to, and the application of, ICTs in development. The effort to provide access includes creating an enabling and facilitating environment, finding and utilizing new low cost, low power technologies, and supporting carrier build out in rural areas.  The second part of the strategy is to leverage the use of ICTs in USAID’s development work. In particular USAID, through the GBi, is looking into the development of cloud related services,  the identification and sharing of scalable and replicable applications, and the possible development of a “catalogue” of sorts of these applications. USAID realizes, Owen pointed out, that almost all of the ICT solution based projects are one-off solutions. “We need to stop reinventing the wheel, and start scaling these up,” he argued.

This strategy has tremendous application to the humanitarian and disaster relief industry, he pointed out. Small, portable low cost solutions suitable for rural areas also work in disaster response. Many of these solutions are capable for operating off the power grid, as well, making them useful in relief operations. GBi’s application focus serves the relief industry by identifying useful,

(l to r) Darrell Owen, David Hartshorn, Evelyn Cherow, and Joe Simmons

(l to r) Darrell Owen, David Hartshorn, Evelyn Cherow, and Joe Simmons. Photo Credit: Laurie Moy

suitable solutions, including those designed for disaster response and preparedness. Research is underway exploring complimentary, development related cloud services and their application in the field. Identifying and making available disaster response specific tools ahead of time, would make response that much quicker.

Owen, who was accompanied by Joe Simmons of NetHope and Evelyn Cherow of Global Partners United, spoke on a panel entitled ICT for Disaster Preparedness & Development: the State of the Art. The panel was moderated by David Hartshorn, Secretary General of the Global VSAT Forum, a GBi partner.

 

Medic Mobile, a mobile health non-profit based in Washington D.C., announced the development of the first mobile SIM application for healthcare on June 6th. SIM apps can operate on 80% of the world’s phones ranging from $15 handsets to Android smart phones, so their potential use means reaching unimagined levels in data collection.

The SIM applications are menu based applications on mobile phones that reduce costs and increase accessibility for patients. Says CEO Josh Nesbit on his blog, “I can imagine all eight million global community health workers utilizing SIM applications to support their work and improve the lives of their patients.” Through these applications, patients don’t need to see a doctor, they can simply register their health data through the app and the data gets sent to health professionals who send feedback.

Medic Mobile is a pioneer in developing SMS based communication solutions. The organization started out with a project in Malawi where their SMS services saved clinical staffers 1,200 hours of patient follow-up time, thousands of dollars in costs and doubled the number of patients who were treated for Tuberculosis. Perhaps their most well known project came after the earthquakes that devastated Haiti. Mobile Medic created an SMS database where people could text the number “4636” to be tagged, mapped and subsequently assisted. Thousands of victims were rescued with this service.

SMS and SIM application based healthcare services can serve as a blueprint in the developing world to alleviate health burdens. Over half of all Africans use mobile technology, and according to an ITU report, over 70% of low and middle-income countries utilize mobile technology. Mobile technologies dominate any other technology in the developing world. They are cheap and conveniently accessible.

Photo Credit: Medic Mobile

Nesbit sees great potential and envisions applications that help patients schedule appointments, access remote consultations and connect with health care professionals during a medical emergency. Nesbit’s products are proof that mobile phones can be a game changer in providing healthcare. They can essentially serve as health professionals at any place and any time. Not even the developed world can claim that.

Medic Mobile, a mobile health company started in college by Josh Nesbit, is a trailblazer in the field.

Terri Hasdorff, Vice President of Aidmatrix (at the middle, wearing pink), at the AID & International Development Forum, Washington, DC

Terri Hasdorff, Vice President of Aidmatrix (Center), at the AID & International Development Forum, Washington, DC

Getting the right aid to people when and where they need it most, logistics, is still a major challenge for the global humanitarian sector. But, Aidmatrix, an Irving, Texas based non-profit that employs logistics technology to tackle systemic challenges in the highly complex aid sector, is making major gains.

According to Scott McCallum, President & CEO of Aidmatrix, “more than 35,000 corporate, nonprofit and government partners use our technology solutions to move more than $1.5 billion in aid annually, worldwide, which impacts the lives of more than 65 million people”.

The ‘humanitarian technologist’ reconfigures widely used applications in the private sector for humanitarian causes, including disaster, hunger, medical, and transportation relief. According to McCallum, Aidmatrix is akin to a wedding-registry, as it provides a one-stop shop for the “registry of needs and donations”. Last year, Aidmatrix Foundation was awarded a contract with USAID to provide $1.3 million worth of technology for efforts in Haiti, 90% of which was financed by the non-profit’s partners—Accenture, UPS, AT&T, among others.

Although more widely known for its expertise in disaster relief needs assessment and donations management, Aidmatrix’s aid sector-sensitive and technological approach could help foster and safeguard gains in global food security, if deployed contextually on a broader scale. Food insecurity is caused by a wide range of factors, including declining yields, inadequate investment in research and infrastructure, and increased water scarcity, but it is also brought about by immense waste.

Logistical woes is a key cause for much of this waste. For instance, a third of crops reaped in India, a food insecure country, never gets to market in edible fashion because of poor value chain management and practices. Aidmatrix’s technology could aid in efficiently warehousing and transporting these goods to places where they are needed most. The highly subsidized nature of Aidmatrix’s development of technologies tailored to contextual problems limits implementation costs because of it vast network of major backers in the food and technology industries.

Aidmatrix’s current hunger relief programs gives a glimmer of hope of how its efforts could transform global food security management. Through partnerships with Feeding America, Global Foodbanking Network, United Nations World Food Programme, and other global food bank and hunger relief programs, Aidmatrix enables more food to be connected with the hungry through our hunger relief solutions.” This is done by improving communication between food banks, suppliers and agencies, as it did with the Feeding America initiative.

Deploying Aidmatrix’s technology more broadly in international development work  is likely to reduce global hunger, by matching appropriate chunks of the billions of pounds of foods wasted annually with many of the 850 million people suffering from hunger every day. Nearly all charitable food in the US already goes through Aidmatrix, through its partnership with Feeding America. The non-profit has also gained a toehold in Europe, where its largest partner is the UK-based FareShare, and Asia,  through vibrant partnerships with organizations such as Second Harvest in Japan. On a smaller, yet increasing scale, Aidmatrix is making inroads  in South America and Africa.

The opportunities are immense. Aidmatrix is certainly a model for safeguarding and fostering global food security.

Darrell Owen, speaking at the 2011 Aid & Development Forum

Photo Credit: Laurie Moy

GBi’s Senior ICT Advisor, Darrell Owen, spoke at the 2011 Aid and Development Forum yesterday, laying out USAID’s ICT4D strategy and how it supports the work of humanitarian and disaster relief workers.
The strategy, as Owen explained, is to address both the access to, and the application of, ICTs in development. The effort to provide access includes creating an enabling and facilitating environment, finding and utilizing new low cost, low power technologies, and supporting carrier build out in rural areas.  The second part of the strategy is to leverage the use of ICTs in USAID’s development work. In particular USAID, through the GBi, is looking into the development of cloud related services,  the identification and sharing of scalable and replicable applications, and the possible development of a “catalogue” of sorts of these applications. USAID realizes, Owen pointed out, that almost all of the ICT solution based projects are one-off solutions. “We need to stop reinventing the wheel, and start scaling these up,” he argued.

This strategy has tremendous application to the humanitarian and disaster relief industry, he pointed out. Small, portable low cost solutions suitable for rural areas also work in disaster response. Many of these solutions are capable for operating off the power grid, as well, making them useful in relief operations. GBi’s application focus serves the relief industry by identifying useful,

(l to r) Darrell Owen, David Hartshorn, Evelyn Cherow, and Joe Simmons

(l to r) Darrell Owen, David Hartshorn, Evelyn Cherow, and Joe Simmons. Photo Credit: Laurie Moy

suitable solutions, including those designed for disaster response and preparedness. Research is underway exploring complimentary, development related cloud services and their application in the field. Identifying and making available disaster response specific tools ahead of time, would make response that much quicker.

Owen, who was accompanied by Joe Simmons of NetHope and Evelyn Cherow of Global Partners United, spoke on a panel entitled ICT for Disaster Preparedness & Development: the State of the Art. The panel was moderated by David Hartshorn, Secretary General of the Global VSAT Forum, a GBi partner.

 

Nurse using app on Palm Pre 2 smartphone in Botswana. Photo Credit: HP

On June 6th, Hewlett Packard (HP) announced it will collaborate with a non-profit organization in Botswana to provide technology to monitor and treat malaria outbreaks. HP announced it will begin a yearlong clinical trial that will equip medical professionals in Botswana with Palm Pre 2 smartphones designed to collect information on malaria outbreaks.

HP will supply the technology to the non-profit group Positive Innovation for the Next Generation (PING) who will train health workers to collect the data on malaria outbreaks. The data will be collected and stored through an application on the smartphones provided. The application can store photos, videos, audio files as well as GPS information which can be used to generate a geographic map of the areas affected by outbreaks, which has never before been done in Botswana.

The program hopes to increase the rates of mosquito net distribution and provide advanced warnings to regions at risk of an outbreak. Within a day, health workers can achieve results that would normally takes weeks to produce.

Malaria is one of the most widespread infectious diseases, and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), takes nearly one million lives every year, mostly in Africa. WHO has predicted as much as 10% of the African population is under the threat of malaria. Therefore, controlling outbreaks and being able to predict devastating malaria epidemics is crucial to alleviating its burden.

What’s also noteworthy here is that HP is plunging into the mobile health monitoring market, one example of HP’s plans to contribute to global healthcare. Instead of putting money into pockets, HP is aiming to contribute technology and other innovative solutions to tackle challenges that are hindering healthcare around the world. This shouldn’t surprise anyone however, since HP was one of the founding members of the mHealth alliance.

This program indicates the rising importance of mobile health technology as a key player in tackling health burdens in developing countries. Using mobile technologies, whether to collect data from isolated populations or to monitor disease prevalence presents an avenue for NGO’s and governments to reduce health service costs and increase accessibility. HP hopes to scale up this program to all of Africa, contingent upon success in Botswana.

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Photo Credit: Teachers Without Borders

At the last workshop session of the AIDF 2011, international educators gathered to share lessons learned about education during humanitarian crises.  The synthesis and common ground between the presenters was clear—education should continue in full force during humanitarian crises, and ICTs can help that happen.

Citing statistics that crises can last for decades during war-prone areas, the presenters repeatedly emphasized the need for education to continue despite the common excuse that “now’s not the time.”  Given that we don’t know when crises will end, education should begin as soon as possible and continue during humanitarian crises, they argued.  Additionally, the presenters explained that when education stopped, nations lost enormous amounts of human capital, which is essential to overcome crises in the future.  Limiting education during crises, then, creates a poverty trap due to a lack of human capital.

Some of the best ways to continue education during a crisis include utilizing ICTs.  Distance learning, accessing Open Educational Resources (OER) online, and radio-based educational programs all become increasingly relevant during crises.

Panelist Fred Mednick, of Teachers Without Borders, spoke on the importance of local cultural contexts in educational models.  During natural disasters or military crises, international educators often forget about the ever-present cultural context that they must take into account in their curriculum and approach.  This lessens the impact of their efforts.

Sergio Ramirez-Mena, Senior Program Director at AED’s Global Education Center, highlighted partnerships between NGOs, governments, and businesses to provide schools and education during humanitarian crises.  The collaboration with businesses is especially innovative during a crisis, and, given that many crises extend for years, is quite helpful in terms for financial sustainability of programs, bridging the gap between humanitarian and development efforts.

Last, Lori Heninger from the Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies, discussed the need for collaboration between organizations in the humanitarian education space.  The materials are out there, thanks to the rise in OER, Heninger explained, but getting the right information to the right people is a pressing challenge.

 

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