A view of the mobile account screen shot on the FNB app (image source: file photo)

A view of the mobile account screen shot on the FNB app (image source: file photo)

FNB today announced that its customers can now buy FNB Vouchers using Cellphone Banking and send to friends on Facebook. FNB Vouchers on Facebook is another first by a bank in South Africa.

A view of the mobile account screen shot on the FNB app (image source: file photo)

FNB Vouchers are targeted at Facebook users in South Africa. This innovative product enables FNB customers registered for Cellphone Banking to send gifts to their Facebook friends — the recipient of the FNB Voucher can redeem it as Prepaid Airtime or convert it to cash by using the bank’s eWallet service.

CEO of FNB Cellphone Banking Solutions, Ravesh Ramlakan says, “Constant Innovation is what drives us at FNB. It is through innovation that we are able to design and deliver solutions that add convenience to the lives of our customers. FNB Vouchers is such a solution.”

Safety is an important element of this new feature. During the buying process, the customer creates a unique PIN for each voucher.  This unique PIN is then used by the customer to post the voucher onto a friend’s Facebook wall. Only Facebook friends with a South African Cellphone number can redeem these vouchers. FNB Cellphone Banking customers can buy these vouchers from R25 – R300, with limit of R1500 per day.

“The face of banking as we know it is continuously changing and as a bank we have seen the benefits of keeping abreast with the move towards the virtual world. With increasing numbers of people joining and using social networks daily, this move was natural for us in terms of extending our reach and customer base,” concludes Ramlakan.

Staff writer

As you may have heard Women Deliver is celebrating the progress made on behalf of girls and women worldwide. Building on its 2011 competition, which featured inspiring people who have delivered for girls and women, this year they have chosen to spotlight top ideas and solutions in the following five categories:

•    Technologies and Innovations
•    Educational Initiatives
•    Health Modernization
•    Advocacy and Awareness Campaigns
•    Leadership and Empowerment Programs

Out of hundreds of submissions, a selection committee has chosen 25 per category. The top 125 have been posted here, where viewers can choose and vote on ten favorites per category. Several of the chosen innovations and solutions incorporate the use of mobile technologies for health, showing the increasing inclusion of this type of innovation for the advancement of women’s health. Finalists include the Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action (MAMA), Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) by M-PESA, and many, many others.

In addition, the mHealth Alliance’s Catalytic Grant Mechanism for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) and mHealth has been chosen as one of the top 25 ideas and solutions in the health intervention category. The Innovation Working Group, part of the Every Woman Every Child initiative, Norad, and the mHealth Alliance have partnered in the creation of a competitive and catalytic grant mechanism with a special focus on growing programs with sustainable financing models and early indications of impact. The projects supported through this grant mechanism harness the reach and popularity of mobile phones to help women, their families, and their health care providers in low-income settings combat inequitable access to quality health services. Funding is awarded through annual competitions managed by the mHealth Alliance and allows winners to take mHealth pilot programs to scale. You can find out information on this year’s grantees here.

Please show your support for mobile innovations and vote. The top 50 winners will be announced on March 8th, International Women’s Day. Vote now!

From conference and summit features to global health technology innovations: here’s what the news had to report on mHealth this week.

mHealth Alliance

  • Barcelona’s GSMA to spotlight mHealth technologies,” Yahoo Philippines, February 24.
    The Mobile World Congress will feature a mobile health conference to discuss the emergence of remote monitoring, wellness, and assisted living technologies, and their role in transforming the healthcare industry around the globe.  To learn more about the mobile health sessions, click here.

 

  • HIMSS takes over the mHealth Summit,” Government Health IT, February 21.
    Last year, HIMSS became an organizing partner of the mHealth Summit, and they now own the event.  This year’s summit will take place Dec. 3-5 at the Gaylord, located just outside of Washington, DC. The theme will be “Connecting the Mobile Health Ecosystem.”

 

  • Kenya’s Startup Boom,” Technology Review, March/April.
    Local programmers and homegrown business models are helping to realize the vast promise of using phones to improve health care and save lives.

 

e/mHealth

  • eHealth Africa Conference – Integrating mHealth into eHealth Strategy Implementation,” All Africa, February 23, 2012.
    This multi-stakeholder conference will take place in Nairobi, Kenya on the 18th and 19th of April 2012. The conference will identify best practices and lessons learned from previous experiences of developing national eHealth strategies and will also focus on integrating mHealth into eHealth strategy implementation. Click hereto learn more about the conference.

 

  • Mobile technology boost health care,” Gant Daily, February 23.
    Recent mobile phone initiatives in Bangladesh are allowing patients to reach a health worker for advice at no cost 24 hours a day, receive prenatal care reminders and even send complaints about patient care.

 

  • Monitoring Your Health With Mobile Devices,” New York Times, February 22.
    Dr. Eric Topol says that the smartphone will be a sensor that will help people take better control of their health by tracking it with increasing precision.  He is already seeing signs of this as companies find ways to hook medical devices to the computing power of smartphones. Devices to measure blood pressure, monitor blood sugar, hear heartbeats and chart heart activity are already in the hands of patients.

 

  • Africa to generate $1.2b revenue from mHealth by 2017 – GSMA Report,” Ghana Business News, February 20.
    The mobile health market’s worth is predicted to reach $23 billion in terms of revenue by 2017, according to a new report.  In terms of the market opportunity, the research found that the provision of pervasive mHealth services and applications worldwide could provide mobile operators with revenues worth approximately $11.5 billion by 2017 while “device vendors could benefit from a revenue opportunity of $6.6 billion, content and application providers $2.6 billion, and healthcare providers $2.4 billion by 2017.”

 

  • mHealth Innovation and Developers Challenges,” Department of Health and Human Services, February 17.
    Last July, HHS CTO Todd Park announced the availability of the HHS Challenge Toolkitand highlighted the department’s use of Developer Challenges as a tool to engage technology innovators to build creative and useful health solutions. The toolkit itself provides guidance, examples, and best practices for creating and running a challenge. Having participated in the design and judging of mHealth challenges/competitions, the author of this article, Audie Atienza, offers some reflections on his experiences.

internet-users-world.jpg

I recently made one of the biggest ICT4D mistakes in the book. Pay close attention, and see if you can pick it out.

When I was in Arusha, Tanzania last month, I was working with a primary school that recently set up a learning lab with 13 donated computers. The technology was not being used because the teachers were not sure how it could be leveraged for education. The computers were simply collecting dust.

The semester before the trip I wanted to develop something that would allow the school to use the computers effectively. I began searching for online educational content relevant to the Tanzanian curriculum and found all sorts of learning materials, games, and software downloads. Once I had collected a good chunk of quality content, I created a website and placed links to each of my findings alongside the specific curriculum objective that they addressed.

Did you catch it? My big mistake, I mean…

The school wasn’t connected to the Internet yet. How could I possibly have overlooked something like that?

To make a long story short, even though I was told the school would be connected when I arrived, there were some bureaucratic problems that slowed the process of getting Internet access there. About three weeks into my trip, the Internet was finally hooked up, but the wait had cut into the majority of the time that I had allocated for teacher training.

Moral of this story: Do not rely on the Internet. Offline content is key.

While Internet access is spreading rapidly throughout developing countries, it is important that ICT4D projects do not place all of their trust in its availability. There are still countless communities throughout world without access, and many of these communities have several obstacles preventing them from obtaining access. Even when rural communities have the infrastructure to connect, Internet subscriptions in these areas can constitute a large percentage of per capita income. Individuals simply cannot afford Internet access.

It’s important to note that access is not the only issue. Let’s imagine for a second that the school I was working with did have Internet when I arrived. This still would have been problematic since bandwidth in most developing countries remains limited – definitely not conducive to streaming online educational games and videos.

Relying on Internet content also makes projects less transferable. If I found that my idea was successful, and I wanted to scale it out to other schools, I would likely run into the same Internet issues elsewhere. In using the cloud as a solution, remember that weather is always local. Having offline content is much more reliable and practical.

The good news is that there is tons of content that can be downloaded from the Internet in order to accumulate offline content. Wikipedia allows you to download entire libraries of information, and I found plenty of open source educational games that proved to be very helpful to the instructors at the school.

So how did I fix my project?

By the end of my trip, the entire focus had shifted from allocating online material on the website to installing offline content on the computers. This proved to be a much more reliable means of technology use in the school.

 

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Photo credit: Peace CorpsNo, I don’t actually mean you should commit to 2 years of service in the Peace Corps (though if you have the time, “life is calling” as the PC recruiters say), but what about joining forces with them?   With over 9,000 volunteers, 40% of which focus on education and another 12% in business and ICT, and spanning the globe in about 76 developing countries, isn’t that a resource worth exploring?
I’ve been thinking about this lately since there seems to be a growing amount of speculation about how new innovations in information communication technologies (ICT) are being introduced into classrooms throughout the developing world without enough, or any, teacher training to ensure sustainability.  Take for example the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) program.  It drew a lot of criticism after it first released the XO 1.0 laptop for lack of teacher-focused training programs on how to use the devices and it is soon to become even more controversial with the  release of the much talked-about XO 3.0 tablet.

Amidst reading the numerous critical blogs and some rather heated debates, I’ve started to wonder: What on-the-ground research is being done to assess the need for some of these new innovations in a specific country in the first place?  What resources, particularly people, are already available to help introduce and support the teacher training needed for local teachers to deem the technology useful and relevant within the unique cultural context?

Young Cambodian teacher trainees participating in a brainstorming exercise about teaching methodology.In Cambodia, where I recently served as a Peace Corps Volunteer at the Prey Veng Regional Teacher Training Center (RTTC), the Khmer have a saying: “Don’t take the straight or winding path.  Take the path your ancestors have taken.”  And new innovations in ICT can be seen as just that — a long winding path of new and confusing devices, unfamiliar to an aging population of school officials and teachers that think they have fared well enough as educators without the help of new gadgets.

Last month, leading experts and stakeholders in the field of mobile learning discussed how people’s perceptions of mobile phones are impeding progress in mobile learning in the recently released UNESCO Mobile Learning Week report:

Perhaps due to the intellectually-light and entertainment-heavy content that has been optimized for mobile devices over the past decade, the primary social challenge is convincing people that phones are NOT a barrier to learning.  

Even in American classrooms, mobile phones can often be thought of as a distraction, most commonly used for texting and watching YouTube videos, rarely ever thought of as a valuable teaching aide that teachers could already be using if they had the training or interest to explore its potential on their own.

Photo credit: Peace Corps ArmeniaAnd mobile devices are just the tip of this growing iceberg of ICT, OER, FOSS, and a plethora of other acronyms used in this field.  So once the need and appropriateness of a technology is determined useful for a particular country and educational environment, who might be able to help train teachers how to use and develop it?  Who has three months of intensive language training and culture-sensitivity seminars, works and lives with the locals, has a wide range of connections within the school system, and strives to understand the complexities of the education system?  That’s right — the tech-savvy Peace Corps Volunteers.

Now that’s an assumption and generalization that all PCVs know and care about what’s going on in the ICT4D field and have any interest of being involved in such endeavors — dealing with stray dogs and gastrointestinal diseases is a challenge enough.  But why not reach out to the volunteers in your ICT-destined country and give them a chance to use some of those international relationship building skills that they spent hours cultivating during training.

And Peace Corps is just one of several organizations that send volunteers into the developing world.  VSO UK and VSO International, Volunteer Service Overseas organizations, are quite similar to Peace Corps volunteers in regards to their culture and language immersion and 26% work in the education sector.  The interactive map below shows where Peace Corps and VSO volunteers are currently serving and the program sectors that they work in.  Almost every country has volunteers working in the education sector and some have already launched information technology-related projects:

 


View Volunteer Programs in Education and ICT in a larger map

Photo Credit: CARPE

The Congo Basin is a critical tropical forest that supplies vital regional and worldwide ecological services. It is one of the largest tropical rainforests in the world, home to thousands of endemic plant and animal species such as lowland gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and forest elephants. More than eighty million people depend on its abundance of timber and other natural resources for their livelihoods. A paradoxical note is that despite the richness of the Congo Basin, the people near it are some of the poorest in Africa. The forest is constantly cleared to make room for agricultural pursuits and to feed urbanized areas’ hunger for lumber. In addition to deforestation and forest degradation, illegal hunting and commercial bushmeat trade are major threats to biodiversity.

The Central African Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) is a USAID longterm and regional initiative formed in 1995 in association with a consortium of government and NGO partners that concentrates its resources on six principal forested countries in Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea,  Gabon, and the Republic of Congo. Uganda, Rwanda, Chad, Burundi, Rwanda and Sao Tome Principe are also involved in the initiative. CARPE is intended to be a 20-year process, resulting in complete local guidance. A major objective of CARPE is to protect forest resources by reducing degradation and protecting biodiversity. Modern tools such as Landsat satellite-derived maps, remote sensing, GIS, and geospatial databases are used for planning and monitoring of the forest. With this information, threatened species are under the protection of local communities and logging is controlled.

 

Prior to the development of CARPE, vast areas of the Congo Basin were unknown. Since then, a number of initiatives and activities have taken place, resulting in an overall evaluation in 2011. In this evaluation, CARPE was deemed extremely successful for introducing large-scale ecosystem management approaches. Tens of thousands of individuals have been trained in a variety of conservation methods and techniques. With   empowerment through such training and motivation that educates and organizes local groups to play an active role in forest and biodiversity conservation programs, civil society is being strengthened. This is seen as critical, circumventing the often inefficiently administered and economically weak centralized governments. The tools practiced allow for an understaffed patrol to communicate with a wider audience, limiting the “weak state management of these resources (that) creates a vacuum where local populations are often stripped of benefits as stronger or elite groups including private companies expropriate natural resources at sub-national and local levels.”Where will CARPE head in the coming years? The implementation of land use management plans for micro- and macro- zones, strengthening of government capacity and transparency are key.

Social Media team of IFAD- 2010

Photo Credit: IFAD

The 35th Session of International Fund for Agriculture and Development (IFAD’s) Governing Council (GC) is currently underway with innovative use of social media for more inclusive, interactive and impact-oriented forum.

The 2-day event with the theme “Sustainable smallholder agriculture: feeding the world, protecting the planet” takes off officially on Wednesday at IFAD’s headquarters in Rome with side events such as Fourth global meeting of the Farmers’  Forum and  Haiti post-earthquake support program for food security and employment generation in affectted areas taking place on Tuesday.

The meeting is expected to provide a platform for Member States, partners and the public to discuss and debate what needs to be done to enable smallholder farmers to contribute to raising food availability by 7% by 2050 that is required to feed a growing, more urbanized population.

To stimulate the conversation, IFAD’s strong team of social media reporters are on the ground to get you informed and get you involved. The social reporters will keep the outside world informed through blogs, tweets, posting interviews and pictures on the following IFAD social media channels.

Live tweets will be displayed on the twitter wall in the Plenary Hall, in the meeting rooms and in the atrium. Delegates are encouraged to share their ideas, views and insights via social media channels using #ifadgc hashtag.

The virtual audience can follow the proceedings and interact with the prominent guests and panelists on the above social media channels. Plenary sessions, high-level panels, center stage events and regional and other events taking place in the Plenary Hall and Oval Room will also be webcast respectively at the following urls:

To get more information on IFAD’s Governing Council, visit here.

This is a guest post by Dr Ndunge Kiiti of Houghton College, New York and the GSMA mWomen programme.

Team of three people with M-PESA tshirts on, sitting at a tableM-PESA Responds

The M-PESA staff members were grateful for the feedback provided by the women’s groups. First, the workshop provided them with a broader context in which to understand how these groups were using their services in the rural areas. Second, they were able to spend quality time explaining how the women might confront and address some of the challenges they have faced as a result of the services. The challenges and M-PESA’s suggested responses are listed below.

Fraud

Several of the women had lost money to fraud. The M-PESA staff acknowledged the women’s concerns and highlighted that reported cases were always investigated. They emphasized several tips to prevent M-PESA fraud including:

  • Calling M-PESA to confirm the request prior to responding to a text message regarding their account (the phone number, which would require a small fee, was provided)
  • Checking to see if the text message is actually from M-PESA – if it was it would have the M-PESA logo and/or name)
  • Being aware of their account balance
  • Ensuring their pin number is always kept safe

It was also brought to the groups’ attention that M-PESA has introduced a new Safaricom SIM card which allows individuals to save the phone numbers used for M-PESA transactions. This enables the individual to just scroll and pick the accurate number instead of having to retype the number every time it is used. This reduces the problem of sending money to the wrong number. The M-PESA staff provided the SIM card service at the workshop and many of the women paid for the service and got their old SIM cards replaced. The women expressed gratitude for the service.

Network/Connectivity Problems

Why some areas face network problems was explained by the M-PESA staff. The company recognizes that network coverage is a problem in some rural areas. A key challenge for M-PESA is the platform or technology has faced limitations in keeping up with the demand, as the users of the service continue to increase across the country. The women were encouraged to report coverage issues to an M-PESA outlet, if there is one in their area, rather than an agent. They were also given a number to call or text, when they have access to service, to report these complaints to give the service provider the opportunity to rectify the problems. Again, this would require a small fee.

Cost

The challenge of cost for service was discussed; even though the service was deemed very useful by users, sometimes the costs involved proved challenging for them. The M-PESA staff explained their service costs, what they entail and how they have worked to keep them affordable for Kenyans. There was mutual agreement that M-PESA has tried to be fair in terms of pricing. In fact, it came out in the conversation that one of the reasons it was being used by all 21 women’s groups was because it was the most competitive in the mobile money market.

Services for Special Populations

In relation to services for special populations, such as the elderly, illiterate or visually impaired, there were no easy answers. M-PESA staff suggested that they would look into the possibilities of programs that might assist special populations to have positive experiences with their service.

Group Communication and Dynamics

On one hand, mobile money allows for money to be sent to facilitate planning at meetings, even if a member needs to be absent. However, some groups argued this can perpetuate the lack of meeting attendance, thus limiting the social aspects of the group meeting and affecting the socio-psychological support that comes from face-to-face group interactions. Since this issue relates more to the training and capacity building carried out by those running women’s groups, it was not addressed by the M-PESA in detail. However, representatives of the organization running the women’s groups encouraged members not to allow the use of technology to erode or limit their face-to-face communication by not attending meetings. The groups were encouraged to continue reminding members that a key part of their mission is being a support system for one another which require face to face communication.

Summary

Overall, despite the numerous challenges mentioned, the groups made it clear that the benefits of using mobile money services outweighed the disadvantages. In addition, bringing together M-PESA staff and their end users was mutually beneficial. The women’s groups were able to gain information, knowledge and services that will continue to help them with their poverty reduction activities. The M-PESA staff were able to garner insights and understanding that may contribute to framing policies and practice for mobile money services.


Qualcomm’s Wireless Reach™ initiative, the strategic initiative of the wireless chipset manufacturer, has partnered with Life Care Networks and the Community Health Association of China to start a mHealth project focused on improving prevention and care of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in rural China. The project, Wireless Heart Health, was launched back in September in community health clinics in three provinces (Shandong, Anhui, and Sichuan) and one municipality (Chongqing).

ECG-enabled Smartphone

Photo Credit: Qualcomm

In the past, most mHealth projects in rural areas have focused on acute diseases. These diseases are easier to handle via treatment and/or prevention, which allows for numerous mHealth interventions including appointment and pill reminders as well as data collection and information dissemination. But chronic diseases are becoming a larger public health issue in rapidly developing countries. Within China, CVD is the leading cause of death. By leveraging mobile technology to reach the rural community clinics, patients and health workers in rural areas can be connected directly with trained medical personnel in an urban area. While this type of connection is common in many countries (see MTN CareConnect in South Africa), the level of technology sophistication in this project allows for more in-depth data to be gathered and transferred to trained doctors.

 

Project Details

Life Care Networks developed a cardiovascular monitoring system that uses China Telecom’s 3G network to send heart data to cardiac specialists, who can provide rapid patient feedback. The system includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) senor on a smartphone, electronic medical record software, and workstations at the community clinics. The ECG-enabled smartphone has a gold rim around the outside part of it which is the senor. The patient simply holds the top and bottom of the phone in order for it to read their heart data. The medical records software is web-based and includes all past data collected in the clinic. This allows for both the community health workers and the doctors in the call center to have access to historical data in order to provide better care to the patients.

Within the project, the community health clinics are connected via the 3G network directly to cardiac specialists in the Beijing Life Care Networks Call Center. Using the ECG sensor along with the software and workstations, the patient data is sent to the call center and allows for real-time feedback either by SMS or voice. The call center is open 24-hours a day, and their services range from monitoring and diagnosis to treatment and referral. Referrals are especially important in these clinics as the clinic staff often do not have the knowledge and expertise to treat complicated cardiovascular issues. Because the smartphone sends the patient information directly to a trained doctor, it allows for referrals to happen swiftly, cutting down the time it usually takes. Also the smartphones are available for patients to rent in order to monitor their cardiovascular information.

 

Partnership Model

By leveraging a partnership model, Wireless Reach has been able to expand many services into rural or resource scarce areas by working with both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. With the Wireless Heart Health project, Life Care Networks is a for-profit company that has a commercially available ECG monitoring service as well as products and services for personal care. They offer different levels of service, depending on the needs and desires of their clients. The other project partner, the Community Health Association of China, is a nonprofit organization that supports the efforts of the Ministry of Health in helping to strengthen the Community Health Clinics throughout China.

Wireless Reach’s partnership model does not only include bringing together for-profits and nonprofits to strategically work together. An important aspect of all Qualcomm’s Wireless Reach projects is that they tie directly to government policies and initiatives. For example, this project addresses one of the specific issues outlined in the recent 2009 Chinese Health Care Reform, which focuses on strengthening the country’s grassroots medical institutions to provide equitable health care for all citizens.By partnering with Community Health Association of China, Qualcomm is able to engage in a project that supports the Chinese government’s efforts to develop a primary health care system.

 

Sustainability and Scale

Another important aspect of Wireless Reach projects is the goal for them to sustain as well as reach scale. In some cases, the project and its products/services become commercialized. In other cases, they have been sustained by the relevant country’s government. Since this project is only months old, the long-term model has not been decided yet. But there is a plan to create sustainability in the short-term and answers the age old question of “who pays?” In the model, patients are charged a small fee to its patients to rent the specialized phone. This allows the clinics to generate revenue and creates incentives to actively use the products and services.

 

Current Results

As mentioned before, each of Qualcomm’s Wireless Reach projects are focused on reaching sustainability and increasing scale. For this project, Wireless Reach is focused on gathering information and creating best practices in order to keep the project sustainable and eventually scale up.  New impact data has recently been received and ranges from September 2011 to the end of January.

  • 46 community health clinic doctors have been trained on how to use the system.
  •  A total of 1033 patients have participated in the project.
  •  These patients have sent 2172 pieces ECG data.
  •  Out of that data, 513 pieces were identified as abnormal.
  • Out of all of the patient participants, 208 were screened for serious cardiovascular conditions and referred to higher-level clinics for further evaluation and testing.

 

Wireless Heart Health is an interesting example of how creating strategic partnerships, utilizing current technology and infrastructure (both telecommunications and health), and tying the project goals to current government policies can create a sustainable and scalable mobile health model.

Please also find below a video of the project:

While MTN is Africa’s largest mobile phone network provider, how does it stack up to the competition? While MTN is a native to Africa, most of the continent’s big players are rooted around the globe with parent companies in different countries.

Red Vodafone sign with logo

Although Vodafone is one of the biggest mobile phone networks in the UK, it also has operations in Ghana, South Africa and Egypt (image: London Evening Standard)

Although Vodafone is one of the biggest mobile phone networks in the UK, it also has operations in Ghana, South Africa and Egypt (image: London Evening Standard)

1. Vodafone

A star in the UK, Vodafone also has operations in Ghana, South Africa and Egypt. With 439.6-million subscribers, it is the second largest network in the world, after China’s China Mobile. The Chinese company has 649.5-million subscribers of which almost three quarters is owned by the Chinese government.

2. Telefónica

Spanish mobile network Telefónica, which includes Movistar, O2 and Vivo, is currently ranked as the fourth largest network, with just over 231.8-million subscribers. Operations span from Latin America to Western Europe, running networks in Sudan (as Sudan Unicom), and Morocco.

3. Airtel

Airtel, one of Africa’s most popular networks, has a subscriber base of just over 227-million users. The Indian company operates in Burkina Faso, Chad (Airtel Chad), Republic of the Congo (Airtel Congo Brazzaville), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Airtel DRC), Ghana (Airtel Ghana), Kenya (Airtel Kenya), Nigeria (Airtel Nigeria), Uganda (Airtel Uganda) and others.

4. Orange

Orange, owned by France Télécom, is popular in several nations. With over 217-million users, the French network has set up shop in Botswana (Orange Botswana), Cameroon (Orange Cameroon), Egypt (Mobinil), Equatorial Guinea (Orange Equatorial Guinea), Ivory Coast, Kenya (Orange Kenya), Madagascar (Orange Madagascar), Mali (Orange Mali), Niger (Orange Niger), Senegal (Orange Senegal), Uganda (Orange Uganda) and Togo.

5. Beeline

Beeline might not seem familiar, but the Russian network has 199-million subscribers across the world, and is owned by VimpelCom. Egyptian businessman Naguib Sawiris owns a large stake in the company operating in Egypt (Mobinil), Algeria (Djezzy), Burundi (Telecel), Central African Republic (Telecel), Namibia (Telecel) and Zimbabwe (Telecel).

6. MTN Group

MTN is the largest mobile network in Africa, in terms of indigenous network — where the top five are owned and operated by non-African companies. With a subscriber base of 152.3 million, the company employs 17 509 workers, operating in 21 African countries, including South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Sudan and Congo.

7. Etisalat

Ranked the 15th largest mobile network in the world (approximately 135-million subscribers), UAE’s Etisalat operates in several Gulf nations, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Egypt and Gabon, as well as Ivory Coast, Niger and Nigeria.

8.  Qatar Telecom

Qtel is one of the largest public companies in Qatar with about 2 000 employees, and operates in Qatar, Algeria and Tunisia. In 2009, the company had just over 82-million subscribers. In 2011, Qtel became the first company in Qatar to reach internet trial speeds of 100 megabits per second.

Charlie Fripp – Online editor

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