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Scalable and Replicable: ICT4Health is Chosen Theme for UN South-South Awards

Digital Health 4 Digital Development was the theme of choice for the 2011 South-South awards that took place earlier this week. The United Nations-supported awards ceremony, held September 19th, honors governments, organizations and individuals accelerating progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and this year awards were given for utilizing ICTs for the advancement of the MDG health goals.

Prime Minister of Bangladesh receives South South award from

Photo Credit: thefinancialexpress-bd.com

The awards were organized by South South News, a digital media platform launched by the United Nations General Assembly High-level Committee in 2010. The platform disseminates development news and allows countries in the global South to share best practices in advancing implementation of the MDGs. As health remains a high priority within the international development field, with three of the eight MDGs calling for health improvements by 2015, this year South South chose the “catalytic and unifying force of ‘digital health’” as its focus.

Awardees were recognized for policies, programs and projects that address global health using ICTs as a mechanism for “scalability and replicability of the broad development agenda.” Awards were given on health categories such as Women and Children’s Health and HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria with special consideration given to achievements in the fields of mobile, broadband, Internet, medical, and pharmaceutical applications.

Among the winners was Bangladesh’s prime minister Sheikh Hasina who received recognition for the use of ICTs in addressing women and children’s healthcare. The government of Bangladesh has made increasing the use and availability of ICTs a priority over the past decade, declaring IT a “thrust” sector and implementing a national ICT policy in 2002. The prime minister has been a catalyst for ICT development in Bangladesh, launching the Digital Bangladesh 2021 program, reducing taxes to make computers and other electronics more affordable, and giving free internet services to schools. This is not the first time she has been recognized for her ICT work in the country. The PM noted during the ceremony that most of Bangladesh’s 11,000 community health clinics have been digitized, allowing for free treatment of diseases like malaria and AIDS and reducing maternal and infant mortality rates.

Use of PDA by the nurses at ICDDRB hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Photo credit: Bytesforall "ICT4Health" Network

Other development agencies and UN-affiliated organizations are also choosing to give awards to those using ICTs to advance public health initiatives. The Elena Pinchuk ANTIAIDS Foundation, rising from the work of UNAIDS High Level Commission on HIV Prevention, has launched a competition to find innovative start up projects that use social media and mobile phones for HIV prevention. The competition is taking applications until October 1st and the winners will receive up to $10,000 to implement one-year projects.

As global health becomes a pressing priority, it is essential to utilize, innovate, and increase access to ICTs within the healthcare sector. The South South awards have set a precedent by recognizing the success of ICT4Health in accelerating the Millennium Development Goals and could encourage Global South countries to follow in the footsteps of nations like Bangladesh.

 

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Shah: Cell Phones Could Provide Famine Relief

This article by Andrew Quinn originally appeared on Reuters.com.

A Somali resident purchases a cell-phone handset at a shopping centre in Mogadishu, November 4, 2009. Credit: Reuters/Feisal Oma

A Somali resident purchases a cell-phone handset at a shopping centre in Mogadishu, November 4, 2009. Credit: Reuters/Feisal Oma

Cell phones may bring relief to famine victims in parts of Somalia controlled by al Shabaab insurgents as donors seek new ways to circumvent the hard-line militants, a senior U.S. official said on Tuesday.

Rajiv Shah, head of the U.S. Agency for International Development, or USAID, said that despite al Shabaab’s ban on foreign aid in regions they control, progress was being made to reach about 2.7 million people desperately in need of help.

“It is difficult to provide large-scale commodity support. Food convoys have been attacked, so we’re trying a number of more innovative approaches,” Shah told Reuters on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly in New York.

Cell phone networks and the traditional “hawala” money transfer system used in many Islamic societies are two such routes, Shah said, while aid groups from Gulf Arab countries and elsewhere were also making inroads.

“We’re trying cash distributions through the hawala system and through mobile phones and then concomitantly flooding border markets with food so that traders can then make the connections,” Shah said.

Al Shabaab, a hard-line Islamist group linked to al Qaeda which controls most of the southern part of Somalia, banned food aid last year and kicked many groups out, saying aid creates dependency.

Some 3.7 million Somalis are at risk of starvation in the worst drought in decades, including some 2 million in rebel-held regions were most major aid agencies cannot reach.

Some local agencies are allowed to deliver aid to these areas, but this is not enough for all those who need it.

The rest of Somalia is expected to slide into famine by the end of the year as the drought gripping the Horn of Africa affects more than 13 million people.

Shah said U.S. efforts to improve agricultural techniques and technology in the region, coupled with economic support programs to make local communities more resilient, had helped to prevent the famine from broadening into a wider crisis as it did 1984-85 and again in 1998-2000.

But he said the situation remained critical, and new strategies aimed at enabling people to secure food supplies close to home were aimed at forestalling a broader flood of refugees to already overburdened camps.

“People leaving their communities going on these treks where they almost certainly will be assaulted, robbed, often raped,” Shah said. “The risks of participating in humanitarian action in the place they are is probably considerably lower.”

EXEMPTIONS NOT ENOUGH

The United States in August said it would not invoke anti-terror laws to prosecute nongovernmental groups working in southern Somalia if some aid falls into the hands of al-Shabaab, which is on the official U.S. terror blacklist.

But Shah said the exemptions had had little effect as most foreign aid organizations continued to have almost no safe access to al Shabaab-controlled regions.

The United States has contributed about $600 million to famine relief efforts in the Horn of Africa, more than half the total global response.

But Shah said he was worried that future efforts could be hobbled as U.S. lawmakers try to find a further $1.2-$1.5 trillion in budget cuts to trim the huge U.S. federal deficit.

“I am extraordinarily worried because that would be very counterproductive,” he said, saying a further destabilization of Somalia and strengthening of al-Shabaab could have direct security consequences for the United States.

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ICT4Ag ShareFair Next Week!

An image from past share fair

Credit: ShareFair

Agriculture professionals will converge at the Headquarters of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) next week in Rome for the 2nd Global Agricultural Knowledge Share Fair.

As I write this, it is days away from kick-off of the 4-day event in Rome from the 26-29 September. With all the excitements that ShareFair brings, participants will be expecting to discover and share new creative and innovative learning and sharing opportunities; and equipping themselves with tools to better influence future agricultural development activities. With the advent of the new information and communication technologies (ICTs), the approach to agricultural knowledge sharing has evolved enabling people of all background to participate and contribute. ShareFairs present unique opportunity for participants to share and discuss the ways in which they have applied new methods of communication and knowledge sharing to improve the effectiveness and impact of their work.

Being the fourth ShareFair and the second of its kind with global focus, participants are expected from all regions of the world with over 160 presenters. This includes farmers, students, academicians, researchers, practitioners, journalists, entrepreneurs, politicians, and policy makers. They will be sharing their knowledge on a variety of rural development and agriculture related topics such as food security, climate change and green innovations, gender, ICTs, mobile technology and social media, new technologies and innovative agricultural and farming practices, markets and private sector, water, livestock, young people, networks and communities of practice. These presentations will take forms such as TedTalks, market place, world café, chat shows, peer assist, fish bowls, and open space.

Knowledge fairs are face-to-face events in which participants set up displays to share their undertakings. Share fairs are interactive events that employ various knowledge sharing formats such as market stalls and booths, and workshops and presentations designed to encourage discussions. They are “free-flowing,” open, flexible, and non-hierarchical. The aims of knowledge share fairs are to provide opportunities for multiple parties to broadcast their achievements, exhibit their products, and market new programs to donors, policymakers, other institutes and potential partners; facilitate face-to-face networking and promote South-North exchange on common agendas; help people benefit from each other’s experiences; and stimulate interest in future collaboration and the development of new programs. ShareFairs can be internal to an organization or open to partners and the public.

Since 2009, the ICT-KM Program of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) has helped organize three Share Fairs: ShareFair 09, Rome; ShareFair Cali, Colombia in May 2010; and AgKnowledge Africa Share Fair, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia October 2010. This fair is being jointly organized by Bioversity International, FAO, IFAD, WFP, CGIAR, and CTA.

To follow events:

Live webcast of the keynote addresses, plenary sessions and sessions to be held in the Italian Conference room and Oval room via: http://sharefair.ifad.org/

Other social media channels include:

Conference hashtag: #sfrome

Twitter: http://twitter.com/sharefairs, http://twitter.com/ifadnews, http://twitter.com/faonews

Blog: http://blog.sharefair.net/ and http://ifad-un.blogspot.com

YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/sharefair

Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/groups/sharefair09/

Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/KnowledgeShareFair

“Daily Corriere” – the Share Fair daily newspaper – will feature blogposts, tweets and stories from the event.

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Mobile Operators as Clinical Service Providers?

Mobile Health Live recently held a live broadcast webinar from Kuala Lumpur to examine the role of mobile operators in the delivery of mobile health services.

The webinar was moderated by Richard Cockle of the GSMA and featured contributions from Claire Margaret Featherstone of Maxis, Irfan Goandal from Qtel, Dr Mubbashir Iftikhar from KPJ Healthcare and Craig Friedrichs from the GSMA.

The panel discussed the opportunities open to operators working within the mobile health sector, and highlighted a number of specific areas of interest where operators can provide tangible benefits to healthcare partners and their patients. According to the panel, support for a stretched public sector and the remote monitoring of patients with lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, are two key services that mobile operators can provide for the mobile health sector

The panel recognised the complex nature of the healthcare industry with multiple stakeholders and country specific regulation affecting local markets and discussed some of the work being undertaken to help facilitate the integration of mobile services into existing value chains.

If you weren’t able to tune in live to the webinar, you can now watch it on demand.

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Tobacco control and mHealth

A decade ago, around half of the people in the world’s richest countries had a mobile phone. Mobile penetration in Africa was under 2%. Today there are more than 5.3 billion mobile phone subscriptions globally. Penetration in a number of African countries is now over 40%. More than half of households in majority of developing countries including in rural  areas – have a mobile phone.  Despite the vast outreach of this technology, the potential has not been fully tapped by the public health or tobacco control community.This is due to a number of reasons, the most notable being an absence of well documented studies/demonstration projects to show the population wide impact in a cost effective and sustainable fashion.

For the last six months WHO has been researching the mhealth tobacco control market and looking for possibilities to leverage m health and tobacco control.   The challenge we see are few studies or projects that are currently using mobile phones and tobacco.

The few studies we have found have focused on sms for cessation in developed countries but the results are impressive. From the sms cessation projects in the UK, New Zealand and now the US, we see that using sms for cessation is highly effective. As we know, the spread of tobacco use is moving to the developing world and we could have the same impact in developing countries.

Of course it is not just about individual smoking behaviour and cessation. Our research and outreach has pointed to the possibility of using mobiles for individuals to access quit services, raise awareness and communicate about the dangers of smoking. Mobile networks can give WHO and our partners access to the largest market in the world, this is very important for anti smoking messages which can have a far greater reach than through TV, print or other media campaigns. Mobile phones can be used as a geotagging mechanisms to provide advice on smoke free places and to improve compliance of smoke free laws, to provide a platform for social networking, gaming and competition, and to monitor and collect data on the tobacco epidemic.

With approximately 6 million tobacco attributable deaths very year it is critical that we move quickly, leveraging technology such as mhealth, to build awareness, improve enforcement/compliance of tobacco control laws and to help existing tobacco users to quit.

As the space for tobacco control and mHealth is relatively empty we have a unique opportunity to bring together tobacco control and mHealth players to develop successful interventions that can be used both by developed and developing countries in their tobacco control work. WHO is looking to engage with interested organizations and foundations to partner with us such as mobile associations, telcos, academics, application developers, foundations etc.This is a public health intervention where there is an opportunity for you to develop appropriate public-private partnerships with governments.

We hope that we can connect through this HUB – form new partnerships, share lessons learnt and best practices, validate what works and what doesn’t, monitor existing projects and create new ones, and spread the word on effective mhealth solutions for tobacco. Eventually we plan to create a matrix of population wide cost effective solutions for our member states detailing the top mHealth solutions for tobacco control.
Image credit: Matthias Weinberger (Flickr)

 

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‘Seeing is Believing’ – The Impact of Social Media on the Horn of Africa

Somali women in search of food and shelter

Credit: Associated Press

An 11-year-old Ghanaian schoolboy is spearheading a campaign in support of Somalis after seeing footage of people walking in search for food.

With an ambitious target of $13 million, Andrew Andasi has raised over $4000 for victims of the famine in the Horn of Africa as of August, and is joining the ranks of celebrities such as Lady Gaga, Justin Beiber and Rihanna by using social media to advocate for famine relief. This ability to instantly transmit images and videos on issues as they happen could have a unique impact on disaster response and humanitarian assistance.

Social media (SM), which embodies the emerging online relational tools, methodologies, and applications that allow groups of people to interact with one another by exchanging content, opinion, and insight, continues to have significant impact on awareness creation and dissemination of information in times of emergency. The on-going humanitarian crisis at the Horn of Africa is a testament to how SM could be of immense help in times of disaster.

In addition to the immediacy of SM to responses, the new technologies and applications have shifted power from the hands of the few to the masses. SM has proven to better facilitate two-way communication than the traditional media, and also ensures richer interaction between and among people. It is relatively inexpensive and easily accessible with minimum investment of resources.  SM also by their nature, are very decentralized and less hierarchical thereby providing scale and high capability of reaching a global audience. It requires minimal training, skills and expertise to use.

How is SM being used Differently in this Crisis?

Unlike earthquakes, tsunamis, and tornadoes, famine has a strong human component. Famines happen when countries and regions are not equipped to deal with extremes in weather. Notwithstanding, there have been a number of criticisms with the limited use of SM at the Horn of Africa for awareness creation and fundraising in support of the victims compared to other disasters such as the Haiti earthquake, and Japan tsunami. Examination of the use of SM at the Horn of Africa shows that these applications are progressive rather than instantaneous. Instead of a surge in the number of tweets and SMS messages as seen in natural disasters, there have been proliferation of Facebook groups such as Somalis without Borders for Drought Relief, and Africans Act 4 Africa among others. While several theories have emerged to explain the slow response – the volatile political situation in Somalia; the US debt ceiling; the mobile phone hacking scandals by the News of the World in Britain; and the killings in Norway, it is also important to understand the nature of the disaster – being progressive rather than instantaneous.

Time for Action

In July, the United Nations (UN) officially declared a famine in two regions of southern Somalia and this has extended to five regions in August. Over ten million people across the Eastern Horn of Africa are now suffering from one of the worst food crisis the world has seen in decades – United Nations World Food Program (WFP).

But the time now is for action – emergency rather than accusation. “We need the contributions of caring individuals here in the United States and around the world…we have seen this in previous crises, from the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 to the earthquake in Haiti; individual donations can have a tremendous impact” Said the US Secretary of State. This is why we need the power of social media. The active utilization of the new ICTs and SM for disaster response continues to improve over the years. Celebrities across the world are tapping into the magic of SM to garner support for innocent women and children. For the past few months, several news headlines have appeared showing how SM is reaching out to the public about the problem and also soliciting support for the people.

Simply capturing and transmitting images and videos that other people have posted could have a significant impact on ordinary citizens like Andrew Andasi to take action – that is the potential power of SM.

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e-Government: a novel approach in tackling governance challenges?

The World Bank approved in June a $20 million credit to support Moldova’s Governance e-Transformation (GeT) project.  According to Philippe Dongier, World Bank ICT sector manager, eTransformation is “about leadership commitment for institutional reform and for citizen-centric governance.”

The project is part of a Government initiative to address Moldova’s legacy of corruption and bureaucracy inherited during the Soviet Union era by improving and modernizing public sector governance and increasing citizen access to government services.

As part of an institutional reform, the Government established in August 2010 an e-Government Center charged to develop a “digital transformation policy, a government IT strategy, and an open data roadmap”. In April, Moldova became one of the first countries in the region to launch an open data portal.

“The initiative is aimed at opening government data for citizens and improving governance and service delivery,” says Stela Mocan, executive director of the e-Government Center.

Benefits of GeT

GeT has several intended benefits that include increased transparency. The Ministry of Finance recently released a spreadsheet of more than one million lines, detailing all public spending data from the past five years.

“Publishing information about public funds will increase transparency,” says Prime Minister Vlad Filat

GeT also intends to reduce the cost of public service delivery. Through “cloud computing” infrastructure—in which applications and data are accessible from multiple network devices—the Government also expects significant savings in public sector IT expenditure.

Promoting innovation in the civil society sector is another key feature of the project. The Bank’s Civil Society Fund in Moldova—which provides grants to nongovernmental and civil society organizations—is supporting the National Environment Center in the collection and mapping of information on pollution of water resources. Since 80% of Modova’s rural population use water from nitrate-polutated wells, this initiative aims to empower citizens with the necessary tools to hold the Government accountable on the environmental policy.

E-Government: a worldwide phenomen

According to the Wolrd Bank, “e-Government” is the use by government agencies of information technologies—such as Internet, and mobile computing—that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

Moldova is not the only country using ICTs as part of an innovative approach to address corruption and strengthen democracy.

Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan of the  State of Maharashtra in Western India recently launched an e-Governance program that aims to tackle corruption by reducing personal interaction between the public and government officials and requiring government officials to use computers in their day-to-day operations. Limiting discretion and facilitating the process of tracking all transactions decrease the incidence of corruption.

To combat fraudulent activities during elections, the Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK) upgraded its computer and communication network in 2002 to verify the eligibility of voters who had lost their voting cards or whose names were missing from the manual voter registers in the respective polling stations.

ICTs’ potential for addressing governance challenges is significant. Through increased transparency and accountability, governments can better serve their citizens. Implementing successful e-Government initiatives in developing countries is a challenging endeavor. However, sustained political commitment to institutional reform, citizen-centric policies, and financial backing create an environment where ICT applications can improve governance.

 

 

 

 

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Raising the Barcode: Using Smartphones to Monitor Labor Practices

Chocolate giant Hershey has been the target of unwanted smart phone campaigns recently in a battle to combat child labor violations. The Raise the Bar Hershey campaign, started by four activist organizations, developed “Consumer Alert” cards that include a QR code (like a barcode) to warn shoppers about the labor practices.

With the ability of ICTs to distribute information faster and farther than ever, it is no surprise that people all over the world are able to start campaigns that promote fair labor practices, transparency and equality, often gaining followers and media attention almost immediately. Those informed about a particular issue can raise awareness on it using social media like Facebook, posting a video on YouTube, or starting their own campaign on sites like Change.org, an organization that helps individuals or groups run social change campaigns. Knowmore.org empowers consumers to purchase products and support companies that promote fair trade, human rights, and democracy. The site makes it easy to determine which corporations use unethical (or ethical) practices through its browser extension that alerts consumers on where companies stand on particular issues as they browse the company websites.

Consumer alert placed next to Hershey displays in supermarkets

Photo credit: news.change.org

The Raise the Bar campaigners claim that Hershey “lags behind its competitors” in enforcing labor rights standards among its suppliers and in tracing the source of its cocoa which comes largely from West Africa, an area known for forced labor, child labor and human trafficking. Volunteers have been placing the alert cards next to Hershey products and displays, and shoppers are able to scan the code by using smartphone applications. The QR code on the cards opens a web page on the campaign’s website, allowing consumers to take action immediately by signing a petition on Change.org or getting involved in other ways.

QR codes have been used by shop owners to offer information and coupons to shoppers as they pass by as well as to show pictures of meals on restaurant menus. The codes can be easily built by anyone using free online tools.

Raise the Bar Hershey QR code- smart phone app takes consumers to website

Photo credit: raisethebarhershey.org

Other organizations also use smartphones in order to monitor businesses to ensure they are following labor laws.  Free2Work evaluates major companies around the world based on their labor policies and has established a mobile app that allows consumers to easily find companies, share information, and receive updates. The United States Department of Labor has its own smartphone application for workers to keep track of their wages to help guarantee that they receive proper compensation. Through the app, employees can track their work hours for any of their employers, as well as access information on wage laws.

As smartphones become more advanced, the potential for increasing transparency and promoting fair labor practices worldwide grows. Concerned citizens have a plethora of tools at their disposal to gain and redistribute information on a topic, allowing them to hold companies, as well as governments, accountable to fair labor standards. Time will tell whether this will force companies to step up their standards.

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Beyond “an App for that”: Using mHealth to fight NCDs

As the global health community gears up for the upcoming  United Nations High-Level Summit on non-communicable disease (NCDs), I thought it would be useful to explore the ways in which mobile technology can play a role in the efforts to reduce the burden of NCDs globally.  NCDs include cardio-vascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. The combined impact of these diseases contributes substantially to global poverty rates and places strain on healthcare systems worldwide.

With a growing urban population and lifestyle changes, particularly in diets where fast foods have become a greater part of the local diet, obesity and diabetes rates tend to grow rapidly.  NCD rates are frequently driven by the combination of lifestyle changes and environmental shifts and require more innovative thinking around behavioral change and social movements in order to make long-term changes.

mHealth applications for NCDs are already quite common in parts of the world where diabetes rates, in particular, are high. This can be found in personalize-able mobile applications such as Glucose Buddy, or in social media campaigns such as TuAnalyze, which uses Twitter to drive higher compliance rates for hemoglobin A1c testing (a bit of a gold-standard when it comes to diabetes care).

Beyond diabetes, there are NCD prevention applications, such as the anti-smoking Text2Quit, demonstrating the potential to find interventions with the capacity to scale into national campaigns. On the respiratory disease front, Asthmapolis, is an innovative approach that combines sensors with mapping to track the contexts in which people with asthma use their inhalers and furthers our public health understanding of asthma and the environment. Tracking programs that enable dieters to monitor food intake and exercise can be effective tools for fighting obesity and cardio-vascular disease.

In order to realize the full potential of mobiles, however, we should take a few cues from the recent mass mobilizations and social movements in the Middle East where Facebook and Twitter were utilized to facilitate social change movements in Egypt and Tunisia.

Similarly, long-term efforts at prevention in public health have rarely succeeded without complementary sustained social movements that reduce the social barriers to behavioral change and create stronger enabling environments for personal lifestyle changes to succeed. This could include more walkable cities, better access to health foods, and changing environmental drivers that affect cardiovascular diseases and respiratory health outcomes.

We’ll likely need to move beyond the “app for that” ethos to engaging with social networks and technology in ways that can promote both well-being and the underlying social transformations required to sustain behavioral change in a health landscape that must navigate a long-term global financial crisis where resources are in short supply.

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How to convey the new WHO Mental Health Intervention Guide to workers in the field?

On paper? Online? On smartphone apps? Via SMS or voice?

This 89 pages mhGAP-IG is issued in 2010 and now available in several languages. The guide consists of decision trees for the most important psychiatric conditions.

1. Use of paper versions:

Reading: Additional shipping and transport costs can be a hurdle in low and middle income countries (LMIC). One can download the guide from the WHO website, but then one faces the high costs of (color) print and copies.

Training: Face2face trainings seem the most ideal option, but the in most LMIC there is a shortage of health tutors. And a face2face training necessitates the movement of the health worker away from the field, which interrupts the delivery of services and is expensive.

2. With the internet/desktop/laptop:

Reading: Distribution on CDs is cheap. Online reading offers also the use of go-to tabs, notes storage, information charts and a find-utility. The main disadvantages of internet/computer is the constant need of a computer nearby and standby, which is a rarity in most LMIC.

Training: Beside the benefits of no travel and no interruption of the daily work, the internet gives health workers also the opportunity to study on own pace and preferred time.

3. With mobile apps on smartphones:

Reading: Smartphones can have a high added value for previously unconnected people. Smartphone prizes drop and they are growing in popularity in LMIC. The guide can be read on an app.

Training: Education via a smartphone apps offers the same benefits as the internet learning, like nice attractive tools and designs. The extra advantages are the pocket format; easy taking it with you.

4. With mobile phones (no wireless internet):

Reading: Service in developing countries will rely heavily on text messaging and voice in the years ahead. One can convey parts of the guide by SMS or voice, piece by piece, or certain parts on request. One can even run an automated SMS reply manager.

Training: Conducting a training in the mhGAP-IG solely by mobile phones is possible, but only an option of one really can’t reach the health worker via another channel.

Conclusions and recommendations:

-Not one of the 4 distribution channels is the best of all, so create materials in all 4

-Concert international and implement what’s most suitable on a local level

-Connect and cooperate with innovators in LMIC

-Look for creative funding channels, including NGOs and telecom providers

-Learn, lend and copy from other health fields, which are a long way ahead in technical innovations.

Full article with links and examples on the in2mentalhealth website 

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