Originally posted on the GBI Portal – Page 43

An iPhone app for solid waste management?

AnyJunk, an on-demand rubbish clearance firm in the UK, launched the first iPhone app for waste collection earlier this month. The solid waste management innovation allows users to record videos of their garbage and specify when they want it collected. “The app then automatically picks up their location through the iPhone’s GPS and send an email request to AnyJunk to quote for the clearance.”

Jason Mohr, founder of the cutting-edge waste disposal company, says “the big attraction of the app is it allows customers to get a much more precise quote without having to wait for a truck team to visit in person beforehand.”

The user-friendly app boasts a welcome screen with a button that once touched will enable the recording of a video of your garbage; users are then allowed to select convenient collection times. The more flexible the garbage collection request, the cheaper the service will be.

Despite its efficiency and flexible cost structure, which augurs well for its sustainability, this innovation’s potency, with respect to waste management, is limited to contexts where smart-phones are readily available and public services are high on the agenda.

Learn more about the ‘Junk Removal’ app.

July 25, 2011/by actualize

Agriculture, Health, Health, Humanitarian Assistance, Infectious Diseases, Mobile, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

Tweets track down dengue fever in Brazil

Photo Credit: chinaview.cn

A research group led by scientists in Brazil has developed software that tracks outbreaks of dengue fever using the social media outlet twitter. This software was created thanks to coordination between two Brazilian National Institutes of Science and Technology, led by Wagner Meira, a computer scientist at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

The software is designed to detect the word “dengue” in tweets and information about the sender’s location. The software analyzes the sentence structure and wording to determine if tweets are appropriate for dengue surveillance. Tweets that are deemed spurious or unrelated to dengue fever are filtered out.

During the testing phase, the researchers examined 2,447 tweets about dengue fever sent through the social networking portal between January and May 2009. They found a strong correlation between personal experience tweets about dengue and official data on outbreaks from the Brazilian Ministry of Health.

The research team now plans to analyze 181,845 tweets sent between December 2010 and April 2011, but are waiting for the ministry’s 2011 data before they do so. They also plan to incorporate other key words, mostly symptoms of dengue fever, into their detection scheme to gather more tweets.

Photo Credit: Twitter

This is the first time social media has been used for dengue fever surveillance, but it is not the first time social media has been used for real-time epidemic surveillance. Twitter was used to follow the 2009 swine flu pandemic. Furthermore, it is the first attempt to gather information on people tweeting about their personal experience of a disease.

Google also introduced Google Dengue Trends last month, which records spikes in web searches for dengue fever. Therefore, using social media for surveillance is not a new practice, and nor is tracking dengue using technology. However, Meira’s method is an innovative and efficient way to track dengue fever.

Dengue fever, which can cause hemorrhagic deaths, plagues Brazil ever year. Moreover, every year it emerges in different locations than before. Most Brazilians know how to control and even eradicate the disease, but the majority of citizens don’t take any precautions against it.

On top of that, outbreak notifications take several weeks to process and analyze which impedes officials from assisting citizens. Using Twitter messages could mean a much faster response, says Meira. “It isn’t predicting the future but the present,” he says. “This means we aren’t weeks behind like we used to be.”

July 25, 2011/by actualize

Anti-corruption, Civil Society, Democracy & Governance, Originally posted on the GBI Portal, Rule of Law

Mexico’s Corruption Crackdown Is Always Top-Down

Photo Credit: Tribune Newspapers

This month, Mexican president Felipe Calderón, honored his recent Federal Anti-Corruption Initiative by arresting hundreds of federal detectives, prosecutors, and others, from the Mexico’s Attorney General office.

The recent expulsions are part of a broad effort across Mexico to clean up the corrupt police forces historically associated with organized crime, especially the drug cartels responsible for 40,000 deaths since Calderón came to power in 2006.

For the Mexican citizens, though, information on the detention of these authorities is inaccessible, stagnant, and corrupt practices go unprosecuted.

New anti-corruption mapping systems and platforms, however, can make these processes more transparent, and encourage citizen contribution, while holding dishonest authorities more accountable.

Last Tuesday, Mexican Attorney General Marisela Morales said that the agency was currently firing 424 officials, a majority of which failed to pass lie-detector tests, amongst other indicators aiming to oust corrupt authorities.

“We are strengthening our vigilance to make sure that our own officials abide by the law,” Ms. Morales said, according to the Wall Street Journal. This is the second substantial group of lay-offs for federal officers indicted in unlawful practices—last summer 10% of the entire federal police force was fired.

The office intends to administer the lie detector tests to all local, state and federal police this year, while aggregating the results and putting them in a national database, in an effort to ensure fired policemen will not be rehired.

Photo Credit: France 24

The recent measure coincides with Calderón’s Anti-Corruption law, approved last year by the Mexican Senate, created to diminish corrupt the police practices closely linked with the drug cartels.

Nevertheless, not evident within the current arrests is how the general public will be able to access this national database, and contribute to it on events they see everyday.

Particularly when the 2010 UN e-government survey found that Mexico had the most advanced e-services development in Latin America and Mexico’s IT spending is forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10% over 2011- 2015.

Advanced within their connectivity and citizen participatory programs, Mexico should have this national database shared in an open source software system, similar to that of the Kenya’s Open Data Initiative.

Mexican residents should be able to view, and add their own instances of bribery and corruption to the database to lend their perspective on the, “bad cop vs. good cop,” boundary marks—helping to differentiate those people who supposedly protect them.

This website could also include an interactive Ushahidi map to illustrate towns where officers were arrested, and reporting features similar to Ipaidabribe.com.

These participatory mapping and reporting websites would allow Mexican citizens to demonstrate where corruption affects their everyday life the most, and where in public services corruption runs rampant.

Hopefully an engaging approach will help to prosecute abusers, rather than merely detaining them.

July 22, 2011/by actualize

Business Enabling Environment, Economic Growth & Trade, Enterprise Development, MicroEnterprise Development, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

Why immigrants make great ICT entrepreneurs

Photo: Zelalem Dagne

Zelalem Dagne had spent the past twenty-five years in the United States, but the thought of returning to Ethiopia continually intrigued him. Eventually, with some prodding from friends and co-workers, he returned. What he saw surprised him; the country was ripe for development and for new businesses, Dagne explains. Despite his initial urge to “do everything,” he focused on one problem in Ethiopia—delays in product transportation—and started a new business.

Dagne applied for and received a matching grant from USAID and Western Union’s African Diaspora Marketplace, allowing him to officially start Global Technology & Investment PLC. His company provides affordable GPS trackers to businesses that transport their goods in Ethiopia. The GPS trackers are attached to trucks, allowing business owners to monitor the efficiency of their truck drivers and the ensure prompt deliver of goods. Additionally, drivers can monitor traffic with the devices, allowing them to avoid traffic jams, check-in consistently with headquarters, and report back when goods are delivered. Dagne’s Fleet Management System is planned to be used in over 60,000 trucks.

In addition to strengthening business productivity in Ethiopia, Dagne’s company facilitates more national trade and makes Ethiopian businesses more attractive to foreign investors and international businesses. His company, then, contributes to Ethiopian development, allowing Dagne to give back to his home country through his business practices.

Dagne spoke ten days ago at a USAID-sponsored Microlinks seminar. Leaders of the African Diaspora Marketplace accompanied Dagne; representatives from USAID and Western Union also spoke on the program. The marketplace funded 14 projects last year, 5 of which are in the ICT sector. This year, in phase 2 of the marketplace program, there is a particular focus on ICT businesses.

Logically, immigrants and refugees would be ideal entrepreneurs in their own nations. They understand the business practices and technological developments present in the United States, and understand the needs of a particular country in the developing world. Their experience in both nations gives them unique vision. They see the differences between the places and what holes in one area can be filled by a solution from another country.

Additionally, ICT projects are particularly powerful in developing countries. The United States invests more than any other nation in research and development of ICTs. And as demonstrated by the rapid expansion of the mobile phone around the globe, “appropriate technologies” are quickly adopted by the developing world. Though the likelihood of the African Diaspora Marketplace funding the next mobile phone is highly unlikely, it is probable that the entrepreneurs funded by the marketplace will bring technologies already common in the United States, and integrate them into societies in their home countries.

July 22, 2011/by actualize

Agriculture, Food Security, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

A communications toolkit for food security pros?

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched a comprehensive food security communications toolkit this week. The kit will help food security professionals to better communicate their knowledge.

The kit will offer lessons on the follow:

Communicating strategically with policy makers – for maximum impact
Dealing with the media and building good relationships with journalists
How to prepare a communication strategy
Exploiting the internet, social media and Web 2.0 technologies to deliver your message and engage in dialogues with global audiences
Writing policy briefs, early warning bulletins, needs assessment and research reports
Improving your writing skills and editing your work

Michael Riggs, a blogger on e-agriculture, says the toolkit includes readymade templates complemented by a flexible e-learning course on food security communications.

Here’s the Food Security Communications Toolkit.

Here’s the e-learning course

July 22, 2011/by actualize

Agriculture, Mobile, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

The farmers with Androids…

Credit: Heather Thorne/Grameen Foundation

The Seattle-based Grameen Foundation Center launched a comprehensive Android phone-based project for Ugandan farmers recently, that could significantly improve farming processes, but sustainable is the initiate.

The project is a high-tech response to fundamental challenges in agriculture, including unclear pricing structures and markets, unreliable weather forecasts, and a myriad of inefficient/ absent extension services about when and how to plant crops. Each Android phone has an open-source data-collection app that feeds into a system called Salesforce. The Grameen innovation counters the electrical challenges in the East-African country, that would otherwise doom projects dependent on electrical power, by utilizing rechargeable batteries which solar energy can sustain.

The project is organized around 400 select farmers, known as ‘community knowledge workers’, who own Android phones—and 3 in 4 of all their peers value their high-tech extension services. But an Android phone costs US$600 plus upkeep costs, nearly twice the per capita income in Uganda. So, how do these smart phone owning farmers acquire them legitimately? The project offers select farmers loans to purchase the phones. On the surface, this approach suggests a level of sustainability, but I have a few reservations.

First, are the benefits of using a smart phone, compared to a regular phone, so great that a farmer ought to take a loan and bear upkeep costs (combined) twice his/her country’s per capita income simply to access information? Of course, information is important, but it is only one variable among many that must be resolved to result in improved earnings for the farmers. Second, even if in the long-term ‘community knowledge workers’ charge for the services they offer, and even pay a fee to the platform providers, how long will it be before they can recoup and repay their loans? What is the interest rate on these ‘Android loans’? These are critical questions that ought to be answered in order for us to truly grapple with the potential economic impact of deploying this sophisticated technology

July 21, 2011/by actualize

Agriculture, Health, Health, Health Systems, Mobile, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

How is coordination possible in mHealth? Experts gather and discuss

The mHealth Working Group, a collaborative forum created in 2009 by K4Health, held a meeting yesterday that focused on the “Coordination of mHealth projects within and between organizations in the field.” The meeting brought together many experts from the field of mHealth in a meeting that was ripe with rich discussion and promising potential going forward in the field.

Representatives at the meeting came from a number of organizations including USAID, K4Health, John Snow Inc. (JSI), mHealth Alliance, and the UN foundation, just to name a few. Therefore, the meeting focused on mHealth implementation in the developing world rather than here at home where mHealth is much more sophisticated.

The overarching theme for the meeting was examining how to promote coordination amongst organizations that are active in mHealth. This is an important issue because of the lack of large scale mHealth efforts programs in the developing world and the dire lack of monitoring in existing mHealth programs.

The discussion began with the current status and perception of mHealth programs in the developing world. Michael Frost, an official from JSI, stated that mHealth is “exploding with a lot of new interest” but “needs to mature a little bit.” He also echoed claims found in the latest mHealth report, that “projects have a narrow focus, and they don’t have strong evaluation principles.”

Photo Credit: USAID

John Novak from USAID discussed the importance of external collaboration and USAID’s current efforts in structuring their standards for doing so. One of his take home messages here was that all parties involved with implementing mHealth projects, including the country government, ministry of Health, telecoms, NGO’s and medical professionals on the ground need to convene and join hands before implementing a project. One suggested way to accomplish this is creating “coordination groups” at the international and country levels that serve to bring the relevant players to the table.

Discussions about the mHealth Summit that took place early last month in Cape Town also surfaced. One presenter mentioned a case study in Bangladesh that highlighted the fruitful impact of government taking control of the telecom industry to implement mHealth initiatives at no cost to citizens. The presenter expressed that governments need to take more active roles in coordinating programs; it is an effective way to get programs rolled out.

Photo Credit: Hub

The meeting produced more than lectures and discussions. Two mHealth resources were presented that are designed to make the process of collaboration and coordinating easier. Frost from JSI discussed their mHealth center whose primary roles are to create mHealth initiatives and assist existing ones by improving communication and information sharing methods within them. The mHealth alliance introduced a new knowledge resource website called Health Unbound (Hub) that aims to bring different stakeholders together to share, collect and produce information on the intersection of technology and health. Hub is planned to be unveiled to the public in about a month.

The core discussion never strayed away from the importance of coordination amongst organizations involved with mHealth initiatives. Nearly everyone seemed to agree that coordination in vital, and all parties involved in the process of creating mHealth programs must be represented in the planning process.

So the next question to ask is, how do you manage to get everyone to the table given each country has a distinct political and economic climate? How do you mediate between governments that want power, telecoms that want money and NGO’s that have ambitious goals? The answer, I learned, is multifaceted. Nonetheless I will attempt to discuss them over the next few posts with the information provided at the meeting. And even better, the answers will continue to be discussed over the next round of mHealth Working Group meetings.

July 21, 2011/by actualize

Agriculture, Mobile, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

Mobile payments in the Philippines: Future Opportunities for Growth

The following is a guest post we’re pleased to share by Salah Goss and Clara Veniard from the FSP program at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Access CEED Store We often hear that M-PESA was able to scale quickly because it targeted an unmet need: urban to rural remittances. Safaricom based the initial launch of the M-PESA service on the ‘send money home’ proposition because a large proportion of split families in Kenya needed a way to send money to relatives in rural areas but had few ideal options to do so.

In many markets, however, such a clear unmet need does not exist.

The Philippines is a prime example of this. Even though mobile money providers have been in the market for over ten years, they have struggled to gain market share in the face of well known and well established payment providers. Knowledge and usage of mobile money services are low with less than 4% of users of all payment service providers reporting usage of mobile money services and awareness of four mobile money products ranging between 28% and 46%, even though more than 70% of users have access to a cell phone

Our study focuses on the demand side of domestic payment services: bill payments and money transfers

In 2010, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched a study with Bankable Frontier Associates to understand the demand for domestic payment services in the Philippines and to identify potential opportunities and unmet needs for mobile money providers to target. The study found the Philippines is an active and mature payment market, with a myriad of payment providers, including payment centers, banks and pawn shops to choose from. Only 28% of respondents reporting they make no payments and most Filipinos are aware of and using multiple service providers.

In our study, we focused on three primary types of domestic remote transactions mobile money has the potential to target: bill payment, money transfers, and loan payments. Bill payments are most common and are used by 55% of the population. They are followed by transfers (used by 33% of the population), and loan payments (used by 16% of the population). We did not explore access to financial services, although 29% of respondents claim to be saving at home or in banks, or other potential drivers of mobile money that have had success in other countries, such as public transportation and online purchases.

In this paper we use the results from the study to explore five alternative and almost equally used channels for bill payments or money transfers. Pawnshops are the preferred channel for money transfers, with 29% of Filipinos citing the leading pawnshops (M Lhuillier and LBC) as the main payment service provider in the last twelve months. Payment centers are used to pay bills by 21% of Filipinos while bank transfers are the prefer method for 17% of Filipinos for both money transfers and bill payment. Informal transfer options are the primary method for money transfers and bill payment for 15% of Filipinos. Alternatively, 13% of Filipinos pay their bills directly or are direct payers.

Existing payment channels are good but far from perfect

In order for mobile money to take off in competitive markets like the Philippines, providers will not only need to identify a high potential target opportunity, but also ensure their ability to effectively serve the market’s needs relative to the competition. We have identified user pain points in the following areas when paying a bill or conducting a money transfer: speed of delivery, trust and reliability, price, and customer service. Consumers in the Philippines have access to a number of channels that may provide either speed, trust or good customer service but none of them is ideal, leaving room for a service that gives customers more of what they value.

For bill payments, customers can pay in a bank or payment center. Both options have their short comings: although banks are trusted (especially with large amounts), they suffer from long queues, unfriendly and limited staff. Payment centers are cheap and closer to home than a biller’s office, but also suffer from long queues and delays to credit customer payments at the biller. In addition, neither banks nor payment centers are widely accessible, especially in rural areas. In fact, 32% of users reported they would be willing to pay PhP 50 (US$1.50) for bill payment services that do not require them to leave their home.

For money transfers, customers have the option of using banks,” big brand” money transfer services, pawnshops or informal channels. Pawnshops are the most popular given their ubiquity, trusted brand and speed (if picked up at the pawnshop) but the most popular pawnshops, M Lhuillier and Cebuana, are not completely customer friendly. M Lhuillier has long queues, strict verification and unsafe locations and Cebuana has high fees. The larger transfer companies like Western Union and LBC have high attrition rates due to high fees and other problems. LBC, for example, offers door-to-door service, but it can be slow and their customers complain that their neighbors know when money is delivered. Consumers also complain about the stigma of entering pawnshops. Banks offer security, privacy and trust for larger transfers, but are not always accessible.

Although alternative channels are not perfect, mobile payment providers find it difficult to convince consumers to try a mobile payment service as evidenced by low usage figures (4%) compared to other payment options. According to our study, users of one type of payment providers tend to be sticky. Our survey conducted among users of payment services found that fewer than 10% of one-time users have stopped using a service. They also tend to think their payment service is the best, providing high scores on trust, convenience, speed, security, fees and customer service. Users say they would utilize a new payment service in addition to their current service, rather than in lieu of it.

Some segments are still not served by formal providers

Mobile payment providers also have an opportunity to target market segments not served by formal providers such as personal direct payers and users of informal service providers.

33% of the population still pays for their bills and loans directly at the biller’s office, and do not use other intermediaries such as banks or payment centers. The vast majority of personal direct payers (75%) indicate that they trust only themselves to deliver payments, although 57% agreed that paying bills would be easier to do via a third party. Perhaps by tackling the issue of trust, mobile money operators can convince these potential customers, who tend to be male, to try their services for the convenience they can offer.

Users of informal service providers may also be a potential market niche. 25% of all users use informal service providers on a regular basis for smaller, regular transactions. These users tend to be rural and poor women who generally make bill and loan payments intra-island. In fact, these users in rural areas rarely pay bills or loans through formal service providers, and when they do, they use the leading pawnshop. Although informal options are low cost, they suffer from delays, the sender has no automated confirmation of when the money arrives, funds can be stolen, and unanticipated costs may arise (such as tips or paying for food or petrol of the deliverer). Similar to a country that does not have many formal payment options, such as Kenya pre-MPESA, providing an alternative to the existing options can meet a need that resonate strongly.

Lower value transfers are an untapped opportunity

Mobile payment providers may also have an opportunity to facilitate lower value transfers between family and friends that occur informally and that higher cost channels (including pawnshops) cannot profitably serve. Our study found that 52% of Filipinos receive money from friends and family (either as a loan or a remittance) in the event that they need to make a purchase or pay a bill but do not have enough money. The rest seek money from alternative sources: 15% will do something to earn the money themselves, 12% will wait for their salary and 10% will go to an ATM to withdraw cash. Filipinos also regularly send or receive money, for emergencies, daily household expenses, education, bill payment, or business expenses. Sweeping these low value transactions through mobile money services would mean a significant increase in their volume of transactions as well as customers. In addition, 33% of all users said if they could make cross payments between mobile money schemes, then they might find this persuasive enough to try them.

Next steps for mobile money providers

During the last ten years, mobile money providers in the Philippines have struggled to gain traction in the market. They compete against an active payment market with numerous strong alternative channels for bill payments and money transfers. However, these alternatives are far from ideal, according to customers themselves, and niches exist in the payments market that have not been targeted.

Mobile money providers have an opportunity to attract customers away from existing payment options, persuade customers to use their services in addition to their current payment provider or to target segments that are not currently served by formal payment providers, such as personal direct payers and users of informal service providers. In addition, they may have an opportunity to capture lower value transfers.. The challenge faced by mobile money will be to encourage customers to try their service and to convince them through early trials of the superior value of the service. The extent to which they will succeed in doing so will depend on the investment mobile operators are willing to make in strategic marketing, getting their fee structures right and creative partnerships with banks and others that may add value to the customer experience.

You can download the full report from the BFA website.

July 21, 2011/by actualize

Agriculture, Food Security & Rural Development, Areas of Expertise, Economic Growth & Trade, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

Regional Integration and Food Security in Africa

Credit: Google

Sustained economic development, including efforts to reap and secure gains in food security, in Africa hinges on regional integration. The impetus for the rapid pace at which regional integration projects were deepened across the continent, in the last decade, underscores this. In particular, African states acknowledged the political and economic benefits of regional integration, as per the general objectives of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement in 2000, the launch of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) in 2001, and the emergence of the African Union in 2002.

Nonetheless, the African integration processes have a far way to go. Although people move relatively freely across borders in ECOWAS and other sub-regions, much more ought to be done to create a critical mass of people who believe in the vision. The fact that regional integration can result in tangible benefits for the average African, by putting food on their plates cheaper and more efficiently, should be a strong selling point. But inefficiencies within the existing regional frameworks impede these significant gains.

According to the FAO, intra-regional trade account for a mere 13% of Sub-Saharan Africa’s US$6 billion food import bill. As Vanessa Adams, Director, USAID West Africa Trade Hub, noted at a recent panel discussion, “whether food is sourced nationally, regionally or internationally, the need for faster and cheaper transport of food is urgent. It also offers promising business opportunities…” This observation is critical as upwards of a third of all foods grown in Africa never gets to market in edible fashion; it’s wasted…and that’s not because it reached anyone’s plate. To a great extent, this is due to poor transportation, but, in a broader sense, it is much more a matter of poor value chain management and practices.

My main assertion is that an inverse relationship exists between transport infrastructure and trade—and ultimately economic development. The World Bank corroborates this view in its declaration that a 10% decrease in transport costs results in a 20% increase in trade. But the extent to which logistics technologies have been leveraged and effectively deployed to warehouse and transport farm produce on the continent is limited. Some might add that the roadways across Africa, particularly West Africa, are far better today than they were a decade ago, and to that I would say, yes, but transport in a regionally integrated context depends on much more than improved roadways, though important. These inefficiencies underline my emphasis on the link between regional integration and food security.

In other words, inefficient regional trade breeds food insecurity. So, until the cross border impediments to the free flow of goods are removed, this transportation challenge will remain and food insecurity will persist!

Below are a few anecdotes from business owners faced with transportation challenges in West Africa’s ECOWAS area. The notes were shared by Vanessa Adams during the panel discussion.

If we could cross borders faster, we could make 12 trips to Accra instead of current 3, reducing costs. (Furniture)
We’ve been ETLS registered for 6 years. But countries still impose high duties, raising our delivered prices by 30%. We can’t compete against imports! (Juice producer)
ECOWAS misplaced our application for ETLS Registration. When will application process be “on-line”? (Agriculture trader)
We sized our plant for an ECOWAS-wide market. That didn’t happen and we’re now operating at 20% capacity. (Paint)
We intend to invest $5 million and hire 120 staff – IF we can be assured of access to a larger market. (Furniture)

July 20, 2011/by actualize

Business Enabling Environment, Economic Growth & Trade, Originally posted on the GBI Portal

What did Vodafone and the UN Learn from Working Together?

Photo: UN Foundation flickr

This morning leaders from the United Nations Foundation (UNF) and Vodafone Foundation gathered at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. to discuss their projects and key lessons learned after nine years of working together in partnership. The discussion focused on the broader implications for other public-private-partnerships (PPPs) hoping to contribute to global development.

Drawing on the “Mobilizing Development” report of the partnerships efforts, UNF CEO Kathy Calvin stressed that the partnership slowed down project implementation, at least initially, but made for greater efficiency and long-term impact. Discussions about how to orchestrate the partnership lasted two years, and it took another two years to decide on the actual projects that the partnership would complete, she stated.

Photo: UN Foundation flickr

William Kennedy, a senior official from the United Nations Office for Partnerships in New York, discussed the “cultural divide” between business and development. “I don’t think you can underestimate the effort it takes to bridge the cultural divide between a big company and a foundation.” One example is the business mindset to immediately scale projects as large as possible, as opposed to the development mentality of respecting local culture and adapting solutions for particular communities. He added that what makes this partnership different from other less successful development PPPs are the relationships between the leaders on each side. Also, they had consistent evaluations of the development projects, which was important in business culture. Leaders were willing to address the UNF’s needs and shortcomings, and to make extra efforts to complete the work.

Members of the audience voiced questions about the “shared value” and motivations for each organization to partner with the other. Vodafone had recently bought other telecommunications companies, becoming a global brand right before its partnership with the UN. Before partnering with the UN on this philanthropic initiative, Vodafone was able to attach its own brand to the UN’s global appeal. Other UNF leaders, however, voiced their concerns with this opinion, stating that Vodafone officials took particular care to separate business and philanthropic motivations, citing their willingness to allow service providers to run mHealth initiatives set up by the program as evidence of their philanthropic motivations in their efforts with the UNF.

As for the future of PPPs hoping to meet global development goals, Calvin expressed her opinion that the age of partnerships between one private company and one public organization is coming to an end. Instead, she said that what the UNF is learning is that alliances, made up of a variety of government, private, and non-governmental organizations, are the future of philanthropy. She pointed to the formation of the mHealth alliance, which stemmed from the original UNF-Vodafone partnership, but currently is able to increase scale and efficiency as an alliance with other organizations contributing to different aspects of the program.

July 20, 2011/by actualize

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