The Tandaa grant logo (in green), Kenya open data written below (in black)

Kenya openData

Nearly 150 company and individual submissions made the shortlist for Kenya’s Tandaa Digital Content Grants. The Tandaa Digital Content Grant competition, a campaign to unearth and finance web and mobile-phone apps developers, was unveiled last year by the Ministry of Information and Communication, through the Kenya ICT Board.

At its inception 15 grantees benefited—companies, individuals and groups of varying sizes. But this year the Kenyan government will double direct funding through grants.

The renewal of this successful initiative will see 30 awards being doled out to shortlisted candidates in varied categories. The Ministry of Information and Communication says the highly attractive Tandaa Digital Content Grant is worth up to US$50, 000 for companies, US$10, 000 for individuals and teams, plus a matching grant of US$150, 000 for established companies.

The grant is further evidence of Kenya’s bold and thoughtful ICT policy framework, which is increasingly backed by solid initiatives. It will further stimulate ICT innovation and could spur greater economic growth. ICT already account for five cents in every dollar of Kenya’s annual income. The policy is solid to the extent that it tackles the key hindrance to the expansion of Kenya’s ICT sector: financing. Companies, particularly start-ups, that specialize in web and mobile solutions face major hurdles in their quest to access funding. The risky nature of their ventures, getting innovation to market successfully, also heightens the perception of risk in financial circles.

However, the challenge of financing mobile-innovation must be tackled in a more meaningful way: a sustainable solution, not simply grants. A mixture of subsidized loans, and targeted finance for micro and medium size technology firms is necessary for a potent long-term strategy to find a toehold. Grants have a place in the overall strategy, but they are not central to the long-term financing challenge.

For further information, please go here.

Photo: Institute for Money, Technology, and Financial Inclusion

We all use money everyday.  Cash, checks, credit, debit… mobile?  Outside of the U.S. people are making payments on their mobile phones daily.  What you wouldn’t guess is how ingenious they are at inventing new ways of using money.  What do the innovative uses of money mean for banks, regulators, and nations?  Does mobile money restructure the role of money in society altogether?

Bill Maurer, from University of California-Irvine’s Institute for Money, Technology, and Financial Inclusion, spoke at a USAID sponsored Microlinks event yesterday, July 25, 2011.  I attended the event and was intrigued by Maurer’s anthropological approach to mobile money, a subject dominated by economists.  Maurer emphasized the cultural complexities of money in all its forms, and then spoke especially about mobile money.

To summarize, Maurer first explained that money is perceived differently in different cultures of the world.  In Nigeria, family members engage in money spraying, tossing money at brides during the wedding dance.  In East Asia, mothers send their children on long trips with money inside of small hand sown pockets, believing that the money will protect them, and that they can use it to get settled once they arrive.

Photo: Institute for Money, Technology, and Financial Inclusion

The various uses of mobile money are equally diverse.  For one, those who make mobile money transfers using SMS technology skip traditional banks altogether, as their telecommunication service providers act also as banks.  Second, what about people who own multiple mobile phones or SIM cards in order to maintain different accounts?  Some hide certain accounts from others; others separate the accounts for organization.  Third, there are some cross-border money transfers.  Often, if the service provider is the same, then the transfer may be made.  Fourth, there is a possibility of mobile money remittances, as Ericsson launched two weeks ago?  Still others trade their money from one currency to another to another, eventually “getting to the dollar,” and ensuring the value of their money.  All of these actions change relationships between banks, individuals, government regulators, and telecommunication service providers.

Photo: Institute for Money, Technology, and Financial Inclusion

In a way, the elimination of banks from money transfers makes it appear that transfers should be a “public good,” freely and widely available.  The policy implications for regulators, then, are immense.  Who can take a cut of transaction costs?  What rules should be in place about currency transfers?  How are regulatory agencies from different nations going to communicate with each other?  These questions, with a host of others, set the stage for mobile money’s impact on the global economy.

Though I was thoroughly engaged by Maurer’s presentation, I could not help but wonder what the policy implications were.  When Maurer responded to one attendee request for a summary of the lessons learned about mobile money, he originally responded, “I have shied away from the lessons learned because I am open as to what they may be.”  Thankfully, though, he followed up this response with three key regulatory innovations that he recommended for policymakers: proportionate due diligence, non-bank e-money issuance, and non-bank deposit taking.

USAID and other international organizations, then, should be careful in their rollout of mobile money projects.  Though over 80% of the world has access to a mobile phone, the impacts of mobile money programs are far-reaching—they affect the financial, political, and social sectors, either for the better or the worse.  If nothing else, the anthropological research by Maurer shows the complexities of mobile money.  Before a list of best practices and lessons learned can be compiled, policymakers should tread carefully, but they should still step forward.  As evidence and data is gathered through experiments, best practices can be ascertained.  Once best practices are identified, then USAID and other aid organizations should scale mobile-based development projects.

 

Linda Raftree speaking at GBI Brown Bag Lunch

Photo Credit: Laurie Moy

Last Friday, GBI sponsored a Brown Bag lunch at USAID featuring Linda Raftree (@meowtree), Senior ICT4D Advisor at Plan International USA, to discuss her experiences on her digital participatory mapping project in Cameroon, lending insight on how the team got it off the ground.

Utilizing the mapping platform Open Street Map and crowd-sourcing tool Ushahidi, Raftree and Plan International’s Youth Empowerment through Technology, Arts and Media (YETAM) project, aims to reduce violence against children and increase youth participatory governance.

During her discussion last week, she referenced how digital community maps have replaced the need for paper-based diagrams since they can be shared or updated, to put rural areas like Ndop, Pitoa and Okola, “on the map”.

The more pragmatic purpose of being, “on the map,” Raftree alluded, is to see where infrastructure and services are being provided by local councils. Maps illustrate the uneven distribution of funding and services, and show what areas need more inclusion, holding governments to their development responsibilities.

Linda Raftree speaks at GBI Brown Bag Lunch

Photo credit: Laurie Moy

To ensure local participation and encourage youth empowerment for the three principal components of her project—maps, video, and art—Raftree advised some of these following elements:

  • Ask community leaders, and youth the information they want to put on the map. Raftree found that the youth wanted to know where all of the chieftain of the surrounding villages lived since traditionally greeting them first when arriving to a village is a respectful custom. What an international organization, or its stakeholders, want does necessarily line up with what the community needs or finds relevant.
  • Hire local ICT experts.  She had found a local GIS expert named Ernest on Twitter and through Limbe Labs (now Activspaces). Without him, Raftree admitted, the project would not have been nearly as successful, or predicted to be as sustainable. Local ICT experts know the language, law of the land, and projects can be easily supported by them teaching others in the community how to maintain the mapping systems long after outside organizations leave.
  • Engage decision makers.  There is usually a hierarchy within communities, so involving big players is imperative for successful deployment. Both to evade bribery—the team had youth carry around a letter signed by the local mayor stating it was okay for them to collect information—and to make leaders accountable for gaps in funding and services.
  • Record it. The Cameroonian youth went around with video camcorders, and recorded interviews they had with leaders of certain institutions, and members of the community. For example, they went around to schools and interviewed the headmasters about what resources they had at the school, and with women on why they did not register their newborn children. The benefit of this is two-fold. They raised the headmaster’s awareness on for the importance of keeping data on key indicators of the school (numbers of students, benches, attendance, teachers), Raftree stated, while making politicians accountable to the imbalanced circulation of disbursement.
  • Mix technology with non-technology. The art portion of the project, where the youth draw pictures of social issues existing within the community—such as alcoholism, drug use, and domestic violence—raised problems that were uncomfortable to record on film or talk about. Despite a lack of sound or words, art is still a powerful visual empowering the community to engage in a dialogue about taboo subjects.

The end result of all these steps in the 3 districts in Cameroon? Leaders acknowledged giving funds to central areas, and began to allow youth to take part budget meetings. The youth were given a voice in a place where they were never even part of the discussion.

Linda Raftree speaking to attendees after the event

Photo credit: Laurie Moy

Although Raftree covered a lot of problem areas that could have arisen in a community mapping project, she recognized that issues such as connectivity and ICT training, are still barriers to entry that need to be addressed for a project’s overall sustainability.

How about the next steps for the Plan International’s YETAM project in Cameroon?

Having youth continue to follow-up with database collection, making community councils accountable for their findings, and integrating information into Plan’s overall decision making.

 

For more information regarding upcoming events, subscribe to our newsletter, The Spectrum.

 

Magnus Mchunguzi, MD Ericsson SA

Ericsson is currently conducting Long Term Evolution (LTE) trials with a number of African mobile operators including Econet, Movicel and Unitel.

This is according Magnus Mchunguzi, Ericsson South Africa Managing Director.
“It is interesting that for the first time in Africa a lot of operators are asking for LTE, perhaps not on a large scale but as a trial offer. A lot of companies are trying to offer LTE on a network shared level,” says Mchunguzi.

“There is definitely a lot of movement in the LTE environment, he adds.”

Ease of deployment

Ericsson’s base stations have reduced the cost of deploying new broadband technology.

“One can get 2G, 3G, HSPA, and LTE on one base station. In the past if you wanted to offer new technology, you had to remove the hardware and install a new one. The cost of deploying new technology was very high. Today this will be driven purely by software updates. The platform remains the same and you simply update the software,” says Mchunguzi.

Ericcson is fully LTE ready according to Magnus: “Our new base stations, known as multi-standard radios, that are already offering 3G and HSPA have been deployed, we just need to update the software and they will be LTE ready.”

MTN pilot implementation

In early July 2011, MTN South Africa in partnership with Ericsson launched its LTE network in the Gauteng area of South Africa.
MTN SA’s Chief Technology Officer Kanagaratnam Lambotharan said the launch would give selected MTN customers a glimpse of the future.

“Being the first operator in Africa to launch an LTE pilot network of this scale is a reaffirmation of MTN’s vision to be the leading telecoms operator in emerging markets and emphasises our technology and innovation leadership in mobile communications.

On MTN’s investment in technology he says: “Full deployment of LTE in future will allow MTN to maximize its infrastructure investment to provide its subscribers with a quality experience that is richer, faster and with significantly more capacity than that provided currently.”

Bontle Moeng

New research predicts that the smart card market is to grow rapidly (image: stock.xchng)

New research predicts that the smart card market is to grow rapidly in coming years. The market research firm Frost and Sullivan released new research predicting that the smart card market in the Middle East and North Africa is to grow to $328.5 billion by 2014, according to the Middle Eastern News business service Bawaba.

The telecommunications industry will account for the majority of growth, comprising 64.4 percent of all smart card sales.

Smart cards are small microprocessors that hold information related to their user.  Most people are familiar with smart cards’ application in mobile phones, where they are mostly used to hold contact information.

In the period from 2011-2013, the Middle East and North Africa will see fast growth in the smart card market, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8 percent, it still lags behind the global market that is estimated by Frost and Sullivan to grow at a CAGR of 12 percent.

Smart cards are also used in cell phones, insurance cards, credit cards, and debit cards, but Frost and Sullivan attributed the growth to demands for digital security. Smart cards can be used in national identity cards.

Jahd Khalil

 

AnyJunk, an on-demand rubbish clearance firm in the UK, launched the first iPhone app for waste collection earlier this month. The solid waste management innovation allows users to record videos of their garbage and specify when they want it collected. “The app then automatically picks up their location through the iPhone’s GPS and send an email request to AnyJunk to quote for the clearance.”

Jason Mohr, founder of the cutting-edge waste disposal company, says “the big attraction of the app is it allows customers to get a much more precise quote without having to wait for a truck team to visit in person beforehand.”

The user-friendly app boasts a welcome screen with a button that once touched will enable the recording of a video of your garbage; users are then allowed to select convenient collection times. The more flexible the garbage collection request, the cheaper the service will be.

Despite its efficiency and flexible cost structure, which augurs well for its sustainability, this innovation’s potency, with respect to waste management, is limited to contexts where smart-phones are readily available and public services are high on the agenda.

Learn more about the ‘Junk Removal’ app.

 

Photo Credit: chinaview.cn

A research group led by scientists in Brazil has developed software that tracks outbreaks of dengue fever using the social media outlet twitter. This software was created thanks to coordination between two Brazilian National Institutes of Science and Technology, led by Wagner Meira, a computer scientist at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

The software is designed to detect the word “dengue” in tweets and information about the sender’s location. The software analyzes the sentence structure and wording to determine if tweets are appropriate for dengue surveillance. Tweets that are deemed spurious or unrelated to dengue fever are filtered out.

During the testing phase, the researchers examined 2,447 tweets about dengue fever sent through the social networking portal between January and May 2009. They found a strong correlation between personal experience tweets about dengue and official data on outbreaks from the Brazilian Ministry of Health.

The research team now plans to analyze 181,845 tweets sent between December 2010 and April 2011, but are waiting for the ministry’s 2011 data before they do so. They also plan to incorporate other key words, mostly symptoms of dengue fever, into their detection scheme to gather more tweets.

Photo Credit: Twitter

This is the first time social media has been used for dengue fever surveillance, but it is not the first time social media has been used for real-time epidemic surveillance. Twitter was used to follow the 2009 swine flu pandemic. Furthermore, it is the first attempt to gather information on people tweeting about their personal experience of a disease.

Google also introduced Google Dengue Trends last month, which records spikes in web searches for dengue fever. Therefore, using social media for surveillance is not a new practice, and nor is tracking dengue using technology. However, Meira’s method is an innovative and efficient way to track dengue fever.

Dengue fever, which can cause hemorrhagic deaths, plagues Brazil ever year. Moreover, every year it emerges in different locations than before. Most Brazilians know how to control and even eradicate the disease, but the majority of citizens don’t take any precautions against it.

On top of that, outbreak notifications take several weeks to process and analyze which impedes officials from assisting citizens. Using Twitter messages could mean a much faster response, says Meira. “It isn’t predicting the future but the present,” he says. “This means we aren’t weeks behind like we used to be.”

Mexico police are arrested by the army Photo Credit: Tribune Newspapers

Photo Credit: Tribune Newspapers

This month, Mexican president Felipe Calderón, honored his recent Federal Anti-Corruption Initiative by arresting hundreds of federal detectives, prosecutors, and others, from the Mexico’s Attorney General office.

The recent expulsions are part of a broad effort across Mexico to clean up the corrupt police forces historically associated with organized crime, especially the drug cartels responsible for 40,000 deaths since Calderón came to power in 2006.

For the Mexican citizens, though, information on the detention of these authorities is inaccessible, stagnant, and corrupt practices go unprosecuted.

New anti-corruption mapping systems and platforms, however, can make these processes more transparent, and encourage citizen contribution, while holding dishonest authorities more accountable.

Last Tuesday, Mexican Attorney General Marisela Morales said that the agency was currently firing 424 officials, a majority of which failed to pass lie-detector tests, amongst other indicators aiming to oust corrupt authorities.

“We are strengthening our vigilance to make sure that our own officials abide by the law,” Ms. Morales said, according to the Wall Street Journal. This is the second substantial group of lay-offs for federal officers indicted in unlawful practices—last summer 10% of the entire federal police force was fired.

The office intends to administer the lie detector tests to all local, state and federal police this year, while aggregating the results and putting them in a national database, in an effort to ensure fired policemen will not be rehired.

Mexico police officer

Photo Credit: France 24

The recent measure coincides with Calderón’s Anti-Corruption law, approved last year by the Mexican Senate, created to diminish corrupt the police practices closely linked with the drug cartels.

Nevertheless, not evident within the current arrests is how the general public will be able to access this national database, and contribute to it on events they see everyday.

Particularly when the 2010 UN e-government survey found that Mexico had the most advanced e-services development in Latin America and Mexico’s IT spending is forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10% over 2011- 2015.

Advanced within their connectivity and citizen participatory programs, Mexico should have this national database shared in an open source software system, similar to that of the Kenya’s Open Data Initiative.

Mexican residents should be able to view, and add their own instances of bribery and corruption to the database to lend their perspective on the, “bad cop vs. good cop,” boundary marks—helping to differentiate those people who supposedly protect them.

This website could also include an interactive Ushahidi map to illustrate towns where officers were arrested, and reporting features similar to Ipaidabribe.com.

These participatory mapping and reporting websites would allow Mexican citizens to demonstrate where corruption affects their everyday life the most, and where in public services corruption runs rampant.

Hopefully an engaging approach will help to prosecute abusers, rather than merely detaining them.

 

 

 

Photo: Zelalem Dagne

Zelalem Dagne had spent the past twenty-five years in the United States, but the thought of returning to Ethiopia continually intrigued him.  Eventually, with some prodding from friends and co-workers, he returned.  What he saw surprised him; the country was ripe for development and for new businesses, Dagne explains.  Despite his initial urge to “do everything,” he focused on one problem in Ethiopia—delays in product transportation—and started a new business.

Dagne applied for and received a matching grant from USAID and Western Union’s African Diaspora Marketplace, allowing him to officially start Global Technology & Investment PLC.  His company provides affordable GPS trackers to businesses that transport their goods in Ethiopia.  The GPS trackers are attached to trucks, allowing business owners to monitor the efficiency of their truck drivers and the ensure prompt deliver of goods.  Additionally, drivers can monitor traffic with the devices, allowing them to avoid traffic jams, check-in consistently with headquarters, and report back when goods are delivered.  Dagne’s Fleet Management System is planned to be used in over 60,000 trucks.

In addition to strengthening business productivity in Ethiopia, Dagne’s company facilitates more national trade and makes Ethiopian businesses more attractive to foreign investors and international businesses.  His company, then, contributes to Ethiopian development, allowing Dagne to give back to his home country through his business practices.

Dagne spoke ten days ago at a USAID-sponsored Microlinks seminar.  Leaders of the African Diaspora Marketplace accompanied Dagne; representatives from USAID and Western Union also spoke on the program.  The marketplace funded 14 projects last year, 5 of which are in the ICT sector.  This year, in phase 2 of the marketplace program, there is a particular focus on ICT businesses.

Logically, immigrants and refugees would be ideal entrepreneurs in their own nations.  They understand the business practices and technological developments present in the United States, and understand the needs of a particular country in the developing world.  Their experience in both nations gives them unique vision.  They see the differences between the places and what holes in one area can be filled by a solution from another country.

Additionally, ICT projects are particularly powerful in developing countries.  The United States invests more than any other nation in research and development of ICTs.  And as demonstrated by the rapid expansion of the mobile phone around the globe, “appropriate technologies” are quickly adopted by the developing world.  Though the likelihood of the African Diaspora Marketplace funding the next mobile phone is highly unlikely, it is probable that the entrepreneurs funded by the marketplace will bring technologies already common in the United States, and integrate them into societies in their home countries.

 

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched a comprehensive food security communications toolkit this week. The kit will help food security professionals to better communicate their knowledge.

The kit will offer lessons on the follow:

  • Communicating strategically with policy makers – for maximum impact
  • Dealing with the media and building good relationships with journalists
  • How to prepare a communication strategy
  • Exploiting the internet, social media and Web 2.0 technologies to deliver your message and engage in dialogues with global audiences
  • Writing policy briefs, early warning bulletins, needs assessment and research reports
  • Improving your writing skills and editing your work

Michael Riggs, a blogger on e-agriculture, says the toolkit includes readymade templates complemented by a flexible e-learning course on food security communications.

Here’s the Food Security Communications Toolkit.

Here’s the e-learning course

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